PAKISTAN –USA RELATIONS

RAHEEM BAKHSH MAITLO, PAS

 The relations between Pakistan-USA are based on
mutual strategic partnership and cordiality.

 Relations between the United States and Pakistan have

been on a roller-coaster for nearly 69 years.

 Pakistan is non-NATO ally of the USA in war against

terrorism
HISTORIC PROSPECTIVE…..
 1954 - U.S. and Pakistan negotiate a mutual defense
assistance agreement to address Washington's fear of
Soviet expansionism and Islamabad's concerns about
rival India.

 1955 - Pakistan joins the South East Asia Treaty

Organization(SEATO) and Central Treaty Organization
-- two Western regional defense pacts. Between 1953
and 1961, Pakistan receives some $2 billion in U.S. aid,
a quarter of that in military assistance.
 1960 - Pakistan allows the United States to fly
its spy planes from Peshawar for Intelligence of
the Soviet Union. A U.S. U-2 spy plane flown
from this air base was shot down by the Soviet
Union over its air space on May 1 which
deteriorated ties.
 1962 - Indo-China war prompts U.S. President John F.
Kennedy to offer India economic and military aid.
Pakistani President Mohammad Ayub Khan expresses
displeasure over not having been consulted beforehand,
as Kennedy had promised.

 1965 - Second Indo-Pakistan war prompts U.S. to

suspend military assistance to both sides, leading to a
cooling of U.S.-Pakistani ties.
 1970 - Pakistan plays a behind-the-scenes role to open
communications between its old ally China and the
United States.

 These efforts result in a secret visit of then-U.S.

Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to China in 1971 and
then by President Richard Nixon the following year, the
first U.S. presidential trip to China.
 1971 - Civil war between West and East Pakistan leads
to the third Indo-Pakistan war. East Pakistan breaks away
as Bangladesh.

 U.S. again suspends military aid. Many in Pakistan

begin to see United States as an unreliable ally.
 1974 - India conducts underground nuclear test,
prompting Pakistan to begin efforts to respond with its
own nuclear arms capability. Islamabad's pursuit of
atomic weapons in subsequent years strains ties with
Washington.

 1975 - U.S. resumes limited military aid to Pakistan.

 1977 - Army chief General Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq
stages a coup, overthrowing the government of Prime
Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

 1979 - President Jimmy Carter's administration cuts off

military aid to Pakistan again over its covert construction
of a uranium enrichment facility.
 December 1979 - The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan.
The United States begins to view Pakistan as a front-line
state in the effort to stop Soviet expansionism.

 September 1981 - President Ronald Reagan's

administration negotiates a five-year, $3.2 billion
economic and military aid package with Islamabad.
 Pakistan becomes the main route for arms and supplies
for the Afghan resistance.
 1985 - Pressler amendment added to the Foreign
Assistance Act. It requires the president to certify to
Congress that Pakistan does not possess a nuclear device
as a condition for receiving aid.

 1988 - Soviet Union withdraws from Afghanistan. U.S.

begins to take a harder look at Pakistan's nuclear activity.
 1990 - President George Bush suspends aid to Pakistan
under the Pressler amendment, cutting all military funds
and most economic assistance. Deliveries of major
military equipment are also suspended.

 Washington refuses to deliver 71 F-16 fighters ordered

by Pakistan the previous year.
 1998 - India conducts a nuclear test and Pakistan follows
with its own test.

 Both declare themselves nuclear-weapons states.

 The U.S. imposes sanctions, restricting military sales,

economic assistance and loans to the Pakistani
government.
 1998 - U.S. agrees to pay Pakistan $324.6 million to
settle legal disputes involving the U.S. government over
the refusal to deliver the 71 F-16 fighters.

 Washington also gives Pakistan $140 million worth of

surplus wheat over the failed arms deal lingers.
 1999 - After meeting U.S. President Bill Clinton in
Washington, Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
agrees to withdraw Pakistani troops and anti-India
militants from the Kargil area of Indian Kashmir after a
bloody conflict that threatened to go nuclear.

 Musharraf took over the Government.

 2001 - Musharraf turns into President George W. Bush's
key ally after the Sept 11, 2001 attacks on New York and
Washington.

 Pakistan officially abandons support for the Taliban

regime in Afghanistan and joins U.S.-led war on
terrorism. U.S. aid to Pakistan soars.

 Between 2002 and 2008, U.S. provides nearly $12

billion in aid to Islamabad, about three-quarters of it
military assistance.
A.Q KHAN PROLIFERATION EPISODE….

 2004 - A.Q. Khan, founder of Pakistan's nuclear

program, confesses to supplying nuclear-weapons
technology to
 North Korea,
 Iran and Libya.

 Washington presses for his arrest, but Khan, a national

hero, is confined to his home instead.
KERY-LOGAR BILL
 2009 - Newly elected U.S. President Barack Obama
names Richard Holbrooke as special envoy for
Afghanistan and Pakistan.

 He later unveils a new strategy to "disrupt, defeat and

dismantle" al Qaeda and its safe havens in Pakistan.

 U.S. approves $7.5 billion in aid for Pakistan over the

next five years.
OBL OPERATION…

 Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden was found hiding in a

suburban compound in Pakistan near Abbotabad.

 The relations between Pakistan and USA over OBL

operation remained strained .(April 2011)
SALALA CHECK POST ATTACK…

 2011 November - Pakistan shuts down Nato supply

routes after a Nato attack on military outposts kills 25
Pakistani soldiers.

 2012 July - Pakistan agrees to reopen Nato supply routes

to Afghanistan after the US apologises for killing 25
Pakistani soldiers in November.
MEMO GATE ….

 2011 December - Pakistan boycotts the Bonn Conference

on Afghanistan in protest at the Nato attack on a border
checkpoint.

 The government comes under pressure over a leaked

Memo alleging that senior officials sought US aid
against a military coup after the killing of Osama bin
Ladin.
NEGOTIATIONS WITH TALIBAN'S…

 2013 February - President Zardari and Afghanistan's

President Karzai agree to work for an Afghan peace deal.

 Peace Council of Afghans was tasked to meet Taliban

group in Qatar .
OPR; ZARIB-E-AZAB

 2013 November - Lt Gen Raheel Sharif takes over as

head of the army on the retirement of General Ashfaq
Pervez Kayani.

 Army carries out further air strikes in the restive North

Waziristan region.

 Khyber Agency and all of the Taliban's infiltrated areas.

 Obama’s Government primarily focused to stress
Pakistan to do more.

 No significant military and Development package was

announced.

 Relations with USA remained strained due to US tilt to

India.
TRUMP ELECTIONS….

 Trump said I can he can play role of “mediator or

arbitrator ” in appeasing current flare between Pakistan-
India.

 Trump said in that Pakistan is Vital for USA because its

nuclear power .

 Trump twitted “when Pakistan will apologies to us for

providing safe custody to OBL for 6 years. ”
 People with roots in Pakistan , Saudi Arabia pose threats
to US.

 It can be said that

“President elect Trump is a blessing and disguise for
Pakistan”