CURRICULUM PLANNING AND

DEVELOPMENT
Muhammad Ibrahim Ansari
Assistant Professor/ Research fellow
Objectives
The students will be able;

 To define basics of foundation

 To know about curriculum theorists
 To explore philosophy of curriculum
 To discuss nursing curricula in Pakistan
 To develop philosophy of the program
Curriculum Foundation
Curriculum foundation refers to the factors that influence the minds of curriculum developers to make a
decision on what to be included in the curriculum and its structure.
Curriculum orientation
Curriculum orientation is defined as teachers' belief about the education goal and
the curriculum components such as objectives, content, teaching, learning, activities, and assessment
methods.
Transmission
Teaching is the act of transmitting knowledge from Point A (teacher’s head) to Point B (students’ heads)
Translation
Teaching is the process of creating situations whereby students are able to interact with the material to be
learned in order to construct knowledge. 
Transformation
teaching is creating conditions that have the potential to transform the learner on many different levels
(cognitive, emotional, social, intuitive, creative, spiritual, and other).
THEORIST CONTRIBUTION
Tyler   four-step process: stating objectives, selecting learning experiences, organizing
1902- 1994 learning experiences, and evaluating the curriculum.
Hilda Tabu contributed to the theoretical and pedagogical foundations of concept development
1902- 1964 and critical thinking 
B. F Skinner Introduced operant conditioning
1904- 1990
Carl Rogers Client centered concept
1902- 1987
Gagne Gagne's taxonomy consists of five categories of learning outcomes - verbal
1916–2002 information, intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, attitudes, and motor skills
Ausubel believed that learning proceeds in a top-down, or deductive manner
1918- 2008
Bevis Bevis point to the establishment of formal "Curriculum Guides" as being a turning
point in the history of the development of the nursing curriculum.
Tanner The curriculum is all the learning of students which is planned by and directed by the
1859–1937 school to attain its educational goals
 CONCEPTS SIGNIFICANCE
Western tradition Western philosophy of education comprises two schools, which are traditional and
modern
Behaviorism humanism Humanistic Curriculum is based on the belief that the education that is good for a
person and Behaviorists believe that if teachers provide positive reinforcement, or
rewards, whenever students perform a desired behavior, they will learn to perform
the behavior on their own.
Eastern traditions Eastern philosophy is derived from Islam, Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana
Buddhism.
Islamic foundation of education To provide human with sufficient knowledge in order to make them know and
realize their creation, responsibility, and the way they should manage the
responsibility as the caliph of Allah.
British influences The curriculum aims to hone students' higher order thinking skills and encourage
independent learning
Self actualization and motivation to accept and express of one's inner core or self and begin to actualize those
through education capacities and potentialities found there.
What is means to be educated to be Thus, a person may be considered to be educated if he develops his knowledge and
educated skills in such a way which ultimately results into his positive contribution in
community life. Acquiring knowledge and using it for the happiness and goodness
of the society really makes a person educated
 Nursing Curriculum in Pakistan

 Florence Nightingale

 Basic Nursing Curriculum of Pakistan- 1992

 The basics Midwifery of curriculum of Pakistan- 1994

 The role of the Pakistan Nursing Council in relation to nursing curricula

 Traditional symbols of Nursing in Pakistan

 Entry requirements for nursing in Pakistan

 Development of a program in philosophy
 Beliefs about nursing
 Beliefs about education
 Beliefs about Students
 Beliefs about teachers
 The influence of family
 Beliefs statements on curriculum implementation
Curriculum implementation refers to how teachers deliver instruction and
assessment through the use of specified resources provided in
a curriculum. Curriculum designs generally provide instructional
suggestions, scripts, lesson plans, and assessment options related to a set of
objectives.
THANK YOU