LANGUAGE PRODUCTION

Presented by :

Marissa Agnes Mada

Maksimilianus
Suldi Panca Mulia
 Language Production

 Language production refers to the process involved in creating

and expressing meaning through language.
 According to Levelt (1989), language production contains four
successive stages:
Conceptualization
Formulation
Articulation
Self-monitoring
 Language production Conceptualization

First, we must conceptualize what we wish

Conceptualization
to communicate;

Second, we formulate this thought into a

Formulation
linguistic plan.

Third, we execute the plan through the

Articulation muscles in the speech system.

Finally, we monitor our speech, assessing whether it

Self-monitoring is what we intended to say and whether we said it the
way we intended to.
First stage: Conceptualization
Psycholinguists generally agree that some form of mentalese exists--- a representation
system which is different from language.

The notion is that thoughts take form in mentalese and are then translated into linguistic
form, but there is little agreement as to the properties of this prelinguistic mental
representation.

Second Stage: Formulation

Formulation is much easier to describe than conceptualization because analysis on
eventual output of the process, such as speech errors, and the choice of words or
sentence structures can be a great help for understanding speech production.
Third stage: Articulation

 Articulation of speech sounds

> A very important stage of production
> Once we have organized our thoughts into a linguistic plan, this information must be sent
from the brain to the muscles in the speech system so that they can then execute the required
movements and produce the desired sounds.

 We depend on vocal organs to produce speech sounds so as to express ourselves.

> In the production of speech sounds, the lungs, larynx and lips may work at the same time and
thus form co-articulation.
Forth stage: Self-regulation
 Self-regulation is the last stage o f speech production.
 To err is human. No matter who he is, he would make mistakes in
conversation or in writing.
 So each person would do some self-correction over and over again while
conversing.
Thankyou