A presentation on…..

FACTS
 FACTS DEVICES??

 BENEFITS OF FACTS

 MAINTENANCE OF FACTS

 OPERATION OF FACTS

 IDENTIFICATION OF FACTS

 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System

 FACTS as they are generally known, are new devices that improve
transmission systems.
1. Static VAR Compensators (SVC’s)

2. Thyristor controlled series compensators (TCSCs)

3. STATCOM

4. Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)

Benefits of utilizing FACTS devices :
UPFC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

 Better utilization of existing transmission system assets

 Increased transmission system reliability and availability

 Increased dynamic and transient grid

 stability and reduction of loop flows

 Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries

 Environmental benefits
TECHNICAL BENEFITS OF MAIN FACT DEVICE
Voltage Low Voltage at Supply Reactive Shunt capacitor, SVC, TCSC,
Limits heavy loads Power Series STATCOM
Capacitor
High voltage at Remove Switch EHV SVC, TCSC,
light load Reactive Line and\or STATCOM
Power shunt
supply capacitor
Absorb Switch Shunt SVC,STATCOM
Reactive capacitor,
Power Shunt
Reactor
High voltage Absorb Add shunt SVC,STATCOM
following Reactive reactor
outage Power
Protect Add arrestor SVC
Equipment
Low Voltage Supply reactive Switch Shunt SVC,STATCOM
following power capacitor,
Outage reactor,
series
capacitor
Prevent Series Reactor, TCPAR,TCSC
Thermal Line or Reduce Add line or TCSC, UPFC, TCPAR
Limits Transformer Overload transformer
Overload
Add series SVC, TCSC
reactor

Tripping of Limit Circuit Add series UPFC, TCSC

Parallel loading reactor,
circuit (line) capacitor

Loop flows Parallel line Adjust series Add series UPFC, TCSC
load sharing reactance capacitor/reac
tor
Adjust phase Add PAR TCPAR,UPFC
angle

Post-fault Rearrange PAR, Series TCSC,UPFC,SVC,TCP

sharing network or Capacitor/ AR
use Reactor
“Thermal
Limit”
actions
Flow Direction Adjust Phase PAR TCPAR,UPFC
Short Circuit Levels Excessive breaker Limit Short-circuit Add series Reactor, new
fault currents currents circuit breaker

Change Circuit Add new circuit Breaker

breaker

Rearrange network Split Bus

Sub Sync. Potential Turbine Mitigate Oscillations Series Compensation

resonance
 Investment costs of FACTS devices

a) The devices’ equipment costs, and

(b) The necessary infrastructure costs

160 160
UPFC
140 140
120 120
STATCOM 100 T CSC
100
80 80
SVC
60 60
FSC.
40 40
20 20

100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500
 FINANCIAL BENEFITS:

1. Additional sales

2. Additional wheeling charges

3. Avoiding or delaying of investments

Maintenance of FACTS devices
 is minimal and similar to that required for shunt capacitors, reactors
and transformers

 The amount of maintenance ranges from 150 to 250 man-hours per

year

Operation of FACTS devices

 operated automatically

 can be done locally and remotely

 Steps for the Identification of FACTS

 Projects:

 Performance Verification
 Projects

 to conduct a detailed network study to investigate the critical

conditions of a grid

 For a stable grid, the optimized utilization of the transmission lines

could be investigated

 an economical study can be performed to compare costs of FACTS

devices or conventional solutions with the achievable benefits.
 Performance Verification

 The design of all FACTS devices should be tested

in a transient network analyzer (TNA)

 The results of the TNA tests should be consistent

with the results of the network study