SEMINAR

ON
NANOTECHNOLOGY

Made by:-
Sahil Garg
10095
CSE 2(A)
 WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?
• Nano science refers to the science & discipline and
nano technology refers the applied part of it
including the engineering to control, manipulate and
structure the matter at an unimaginably small scale:
nano scale.

• This capability also simultaneously gives us the

ability to build materials and devices or shapes and
products on that scale.

• The nano technology has the potential to bring that

cycle of technological revolution to completion:
dealing with the matter atom by atom, molecule by
molecule.
 WHY NANOTECHNOLOGY?
• Because of the brevity in operation, smarter and
lighter products can be made from the molecules
of the same matter with every atom in its
specified place through ‘positioned assembly’ or
‘self assembly’.

• The matter displays unimaginably different

qualities when manipulated and structured at
nano scale that produces different products when
assembled at that scale.

• It is this capacity of mankind to deal with matter

at molecular level that will give the mankind a
historical new ability to shape, process and
create things which have never been thought of.
NANOSCALE
 MAJOR APPLICATIONS

NANOTECHNOLGY
IN
ELECTONICS

NANOTECHNOLGY
IN
WATER MANAGEMENT
 NANOTECHNOLOY IN
ELECTRONICS
• When the knowledge of Nanotechnology is used in the area of electronics,
then it is referred as Nanoelectronics

• Smaller sizes allow faster processing times and also more processing
power to be packed into a given area.

• Nanoelectronics on the other hand offer a new approach for the electronics
industry in the form of new circuit materials, processors, information
storage and even ways of transferring information such as optoelectronics.
 AREAS OF
NANOELECTRONICS
• Due to the research in Nanoelectronics its being used in
many areas.

• The various uses can be categorised as:-

Quantum dots
spintronics
Molecular devices
DNA devices
 QUANTUM DOTS
– A quantum dot is a particle of matter so small that
the addition or removal of an electron changes its
properties in some useful way. All atom s are, of
course, quantum dots, but multi-molecular
combinations can have this characteristic. In
biochemistry, quantum dots are called redox
groups.
– Quantum Dots are crystalline particles of
semiconductor materials which, being smaller than
the wavelength of visible light cannot be seen
under normal conditions.
– In the extreme, the position of a single electron in
a quantum dot might attain several states, so that a
quantum dot could represent a byte of data.
– A quantum dot can have anything from a single
electron to a collection of several thousands
electrons.
 SPINTRONICS
• Physicists are trying to exploit the 'spin' of the electron rather than its charge
to create a remarkable new generation of 'spintronic' devices which will be
smaller, more versatile and more robust than those currently making up
silicon chips and circuit elements
• Spintronics is a new branch of electronics where the information is coded not
only into the electron charge but also into its spin
• Spin-based devices have a vast number of potential applications,most notably
in nonvolatile memory devices, magnetic sensors, and spin-based transistors.
• All spintronic devices act according to the simple scheme: (1) information is
stored (written) into spins as a particular spin orientation (up or down), (2)
the spins, being attached to mobile electrons, carry the information along a
wire, and (3) the information is read at a terminal.
 DNA NANOTECHNOLOGY
• DNA nanotechnology is a branch of
nanotechnology which uses the unique
molecular recognition properties of DNA
and other nucleic acids to create designed,
controllable structures out of DNA.
• Single stranded DNA (denoted ssDNA) is a
linear polymer consisting of a sequence of
DNA bases oriented along a backbone with
chemical directionality.
• DNA can be used as a bottom-up
construction medium, a building block for
self-assembly and as a nanostructure to
construct periodic assemblies and complex
nanostructures
 MOLECULAR DEVICES
• A molecular device can be defined as an
assembly of a discrete number of molecular
components designed to achieve a specific
function.

• Each molecular component performs a

single act, while the entire supramolecular
assembly performs a more complex
function, which results from the
cooperation of the various components.
 WATER MANAGEMENT-
THE PROBLEM
• It is a paradoxical situation that one-third of the globe constitutes of water
and still the world struggles with this basic necessity of life –water.
• Supply of clean water, safe water, potable water and that too adequately
and on a regular basis, are the main issues faced by the people.
• Solutions are being found out by use of science and technology for water
harnessing, management and conservation. Purification, filtration,
desalination, recycling,recharging of wells and tube wells are some of the
means.
• Application of Nanotechnology to these conventional solutions in the
first stage and for finding new solutions subsequently is a ray of hope in
this area. Nano technology not only assures better quality but also with
lesser energy consumption and hence at a much lower cost.
 NANO FILTERS
THE SOLUTION
• Filtration via nano membranes ensures
precision and purity.Filtration through
nano electropositive media ensures
improved filtration of pathogenic
microbes, particularly those which are
resistant to conventional depth filters
• Ensures filtration of those viruses and
bacteria which are too small to be
filtered by conventonal filters.
• Nano filtration membrane technology is
widely used to remove dissolved salts
from salty water, remove micro
pollutants, soften water and treating
waste water.
• Can remove up to 99 per cent of
ammonia from contaminated waterways
and sewage outflows.
• Can precisely select the substances and
hence retention of essential ones will be
possible.
• Can analytically and effectively
measure and monitor contaminants like
arsenic, mercury and others even at the
trace level, unlike the conventional ones
which can measure only the
concentrated high level contaminants.
THANK YOU