INTERSUBJECTIVITY

• It is a term used in philosophy, psychology, sociology, and

anthropology, and is the psychological relation between people.

• It is the condition of man, a subject, among other men, who are

also subjects.

• It refers to the shared awareness and understanding among

persons and it is made possible by the awareness of the self and
the other.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
In literature, subjectivity means that the story is told from a biased
viewpoint, whether it is told by a character or an unnamed narrator.
Everyone in the world has their own subjective viewpoint.
Intersubjectivity means that we all influence and are all influenced
by others to some degree. The principle of intersubjectivity can be
applied to almost any decision we make, big or small. We always
have to consider how our actions will affect others. We ourselves are
constantly affected by the actions and words of the people around
us.
SUBJECT vs. OBJECT
SUBJECT
- person experiencing an action or event.

OBJECT
- is what is being experienced.
 SOCIAL
vs

INTERHUMAN
SOCIAL
- refers to the life of a group bound together
by common experiences and reactions.

INTERHUMAN
- refers to he life between and among persons.
It refers
to the interpersonal, that is, a life of dialogue
Ich~Du (I~Thou) Relationship
• It refers to the world of encounters and
relationships where there are persons.
• It is a concrete encounter without any
qualification or objectification of one another.
• It is a dialogue.
Ich~Es (I~It) Relationship
• It refers to the world of experiences and sensation where there are objects.
• The beings do not actually meet. Instead, the “I” confronts and qualifies an
idea, or conceptualization, of the being in its presence and treats that being as
an object.
• An individual treats other things, people, etc., as objects to be used and
experienced.
• Essentially this form of objectivity relates to the world in terms of the self –
how an object can serve the individual’s interest.
• In fact, it is a relationship with oneself so, it is not a dialogue, but a
monologue.
DIALOGUE
• It is a deep and genuine relationship between
persons.
• It happens when two persons truly
acknowledge each other’s presence and treat
each other as equal.
OBSTACLES TO
CONTRASTED W I T H
DIALOGUE
Seeming Being

Speechifying Personal making

present
Imposition Unfolding
1. Seeming
• It is a way of approaching the other governed by
the image one desires to impress on the other.
• It involves deliberately playing up or hiding
aspects of yourself to appear more desirable on
impressive.
Being
• It proceeds not from an image, but from
what one really is.
• an acceptance of the other in the way that it
is also an acceptance of the self as it is.
2. Speechifying
• It refers to one’s talking past another.
• It is hearing without listening to what
one says.
Personal Making Present
• It is the process of fully opening
oneself to the other.
 TENDENCIES THAT MAKE DIALOGUE
A N D PERSONAL MAKING PRESENT DIFFICULT
Analytical thinking when we break person into parts

Reductive thinking when we reduce the richness of a

person to a schema, a structure,
and/or a concept
Derivational thinking when we derive the person from a
mixed
formula
3. Imposition
• It constitutes holding one’s own opinion,
values, attitudes and oneself without regard
for those of another
• It is telling the other how he or she should
act, behave and respond to things.
Unfolding
• It constitute finding in the other disposition
toward what one recognizes as true, good, and
beautiful.

• It involves seeing the other as a unique, singular

individual capable of freely actualizing
himself/herself.
The Art of Loving (Fromm,1956)
• We give more importance to being loved that to than to loving.
• People think to love is easy and what is difficult is to find the right
person to love or be loved by.
• We confuse the initial “falling-in-love” with the initial state of
“being-in-love”.
 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOVE
Love is historical because the other is a concrete
particular person with his/her own
being history
Love is total because persons are indivisible.

Love is eternal because love is not given only for a

limited period of time.
Love is sacred because in love, persons are valuable in
themselves.
Loneliness
• One of the most basic experiences of the
human being because of self awareness.
 WAYS BY W H I C H PEOPLE ADDRESS LONELINESS
Escapism Use of drugs, rituals, sex, and alcohol to
find one’s self
Conformity with Joining group, organization, club or
groups fraternity
Creative and Planning, producing and seeing the result
productive of a hobby, pastime or passion
work or activity
Questions?