LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS

LECTURE NOTE 05 : COMPULSORY READING

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LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (History)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Structure Layout)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Structure Systems)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Structure Systems)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Structure Systems)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Structure Planning)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Structure Planning)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Structure Patterns)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Spanning)

CONCRETE

STEEL

WOOD
 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)
Concrete
Encase

Fire Be
am
Insulation Sp
an

n
Spa
mn
l u
Co
STEEL COLUMN SYSTEMS

Concrete Encase = 64mm

Fire Insulation = >205mm added to Total Finishes

Column Spacing = Beam Span

Column Size (3.7m L) = 6 x 6 (70 sq.m.), 8 x 8 (279 sq.m.), 10 x 10 (418 sq.m.)

 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)

Beam Depth
Beam
Width
STEEL COLUMN SYSTEM Pr
im
ar
Primary Beam Span (Girder) = 6 to 12m yB
ea
m
Sp
Secondary Beam Span = 7 to 20m a n
Primary Beam Depth = Span / 20
pan
S
Secondary Beam Depth = Span /15 e am
r yB
Beam Width = 1/3 to 1/2 of Beam Depth nda
co
Se
 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)

Slab Span

Slab Beam Depth

Thk.

Column Spacing
ONE-WAY CONCRETE SLABS

Column Spacing = 6 to 9 m (depend of the grid)

Slab Span = generally 1.8 to 5.5m

Beam Depth = Slab Span / 16 (51mm increments)

Beam Width = 1/3 to 1/2 of Beam Depth (51 or 75mm multiple)

Slab Thk. = Span / 28 (floor slab); Span / 35 (roof slab)

 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)

Column Spacing

FLAT PLATES

Column Span = generally 3.6m to 9.1m

Slab Depth = Column Span / 30 (generally 125 to 305mm)

Note : Flat Plate should have a continuous span of at least 3 bays

in both directions
Individual columns may be offset <10% of the span
 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)
S

L
Beam Depth Slab Depth

an
Sp
Beam
Width

n
lum
TWO-WAY SLABS WITH BEAM

Co
Slab Span = 4.5m to 9.1m

Slab Depth = Slab Perimeter (2[L+S]) / 180 (>100mm)

Beam Depth = Column Span / 16

Beam Width = 1/3 to 1/2 of Beam Depth

 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)
Slab Depth
Dome Width Dome Depth

Rib Width

WAFFLE SLABS

Slab Depth = Slab Span / 24 (generally 75 to 115mm)

Rib Width = generally 125mm to 150mm

Dome Forms = generally 485 and 760mm width, 205 and

510mm depth
 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)

Slab Width Sla

b Sp
an
Slab Depth

Beam Depth

Beam Width
PRECAST CONCRETE SOLID FLAT SLABS

Slab Width = generally 1220mm

Slab Depth = Slab Span / 40 ( generally 100, 150, 205mm )

Slab Span = generally 3.6 to 7.3

Beam Depth = Slab Span / 16 (51 increments)

Beam Width = 1/3 to 1/2 of Beam Depth (50 or 75 multiple)

 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)

Slab Width Sla

b Sp
an
Slab Depth

Beam Depth

Beam Width
PRECAST CONCRETE HOLLOW FLAT SLABS

Slab Width = generally 405, 610, 1015, 1220, 2440mm

Slab Depth = Slab Span / 40 (generally 150, 205, 255, 305mm)

Slab Span = generally 3.6 to 11.6M

Beam Depth = Slab Span / 16 (51 increments)

Beam Width = 1/3 to 1/2 of Beam Depth (50 or 75 multiple)

 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Rule of Thumb for Sizing)

Joists Depth
ci ng
S pa
e
id g
Jo Br
ist ci ng
s Sp Spa
an s
oist
J

OPEN-WEB STEEL JOISTS

Joists Span = 3.6 to 18m

Joists Depth = Steel Joists Span / 24

Joists Spacing = 0.6 to 3m (for small buildings); 1.2m (for large buildings)

Bridging Spacing = 3 to 6m
 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Steel Spanning Systems)
Min. 51mm Thk. Form Decking
Concrete Slab 25 span: 915 to 1525

51 span: 1525 to 3660

Composite Decking
38 span: 1220 to 2440

51 span: 2440 to 3660

75 span: 2440 to 4570

Roof Decking
38 span: 1830 to 3660
Shear Studs
51 span: 1830 to 3660
METAL DECKING
75 span: 3050 to 4875

Metal Decking
Span :
Span / 35
 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Steel Spanning Systems)

Strap Bridging Joist Normal Depths:

Depth: 205
1.5 to 2.4m Span: 150, 205, 255,
3m 305, 355

Depth: 255 Flange Widths:

38, 45, 51, 64
Joist Space
Gauges:
405, 610, 1220
14 through 22
Depth: 305
Joist Depth:
Span / 20

Depth: 355
Joist
Span:
>8m

LIGHT-GAUGE STEEL JOISTS

 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Steel I-Beam)
Steel Columns – Normal Height Steel Columns – Tall

457 x 559mm
W14
4600m2 406 x 406mm
1219 W
3 14

330 x 432mm
mm 81
x3
2300m2 81
mm

203 x 305mm 305 x 305mm

914
W 1

203 x 356mm 381 x 356mm

1115m mm
35 4
2
254 x 254mm

6x
35
6m
W m
555m2 3 12
203 x 203mm

W 3x
W 05

20
25 10 x3

8 20
610 4 05
x mm
mm 25
4m

3m
280m2 m

m
152 x 152mm

152 x 203mm

203 x 254mm

305
mm
140m 2

W4 W6
Height of Column

102 x 102mm 152 x 152mm

70m 2
W6 W8 W10 W12 W14
150mm 200mm 255mm 305mm 355mm
0 65m2 130m2 195m2 260m2
Total Area

Normal Column Sizes

Total Area
 LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Corner Bays)
Steel

Concrete

Timber
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Vertical Supports)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Vertical Supports)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Columns)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Columns)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Columns)
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Steel Columns)
Steel Tube
In the length of 3.7m
100 x 100: supports 70m2
150 x 150: supports 223m2
Steel I-Beam
W150 x W150: supports 70m2
W200 x W200: supports 279m2
W250 x W250: supports 418m2
W300 x W300: supports 557m2
W350 x W350: supports 1115m2

Column Spacing
= Beam Span
LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Wood Columns)
Wood Columns
In the length of 3.7m
150 x 150: supports 46m2
200 x 200: supports 93m2

250 x 250: supports 232m2

LECTURE NOTE 05 : COLUMNS AND BEAMS (Framing Studs)
Metal Studs
•25 to 41mm thick
•64 to 205mm wide

Wood Studs
•50 x 100 @610 (o.c.): supports a roof and a
ceiling of 3m (max height)
•50 x 100 @405 (o.c.): supports a floor and a
roof
•50 x 150 @610 (o.c.): supports a floor and a
Studs Height Limit

roof
•50 x 150 @405 (o.c.): supports two floors and
a roof
•50 x 200 @405 (o.c.): supports three floors
and a roof
Height Limit
•90mm studs : 3.7m high
•150mm studs : 6.1m high
•205mm studs : 8.5m high