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Lecture 6
Lecture 6
Physical Layer
Lecture 6
The Physical layer
Connectivity-Networking Media
Dr:- Rania Abul Seoud
R-abulseoud@k-space.org
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
LAN Physical Layer
The function of media is to
carry a flow of information
through a LAN.
Networking media is
considered Layer 1, 1 or physical
layer,
layer components of LANs.
LANs
Several symbols are used to
represent physical media types.
Coaxial Cable
Coaxial cable consists of a copper conductor
surrounded by a layer of flexible insulation.
Over this insulating material is a woven copper
braid or metallic foil that acts as the second wire in
the circuit and as a shield for the inner conductor.
This second layer, or shield also reduces the
amount of outside electromagnetic interference.
interference
Coaxial Cable
Poor shield connection is one of the biggest sources
of connection problems.
Connection problems result in electrical noise that
interferes with signal transmission.
Benefits include:
Less expensive than fiber.
Requires fewer repeaters than UTP (run longer
distances),and the technology is well known.
N Type F
Type
8
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 8
Cable Specifications
10BASE5
10: refers to the speed of transmission is 10
Mbps.
BASE: refers to the type of transmission is
baseband.
The 5 indicates that a signal can travel for
approximately 500m (5x100m) before attenuation.
It is often referred to as Thicknet.
Thicknet is the type of the network 10BASE5 is
the cable used in that network.
STP connector
STP cable is installed with RJ-45 connector.
Advantages of UTP
•It is a thin, flexible cable that is easy to string
between walls.
•It is easy to install
•It is small so it does not quickly fill up wiring ducts.
•UTP costs less per meter than any other type of LAN
cables.
50 m 100 m
Switch 150 m Workstation
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17
UTP Connector
UTP cable is installed with RJ-45 connector.
20
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20
Cables Types
1. Crossover Cable.
2. Straight-Through Cable.
3. Rollover Cable.
Hub or Switch
Hub or Switch
Host or Router
Host or Router
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27
Rollover Cable
• Rollover Cable is typically flat and has a light blue
color to help distinguish it from other types of
network cabling.
• This cable gets the name rollover because the
pinouts on one end are reversed from the other end
as if the wire had been rolled over and you were
viewing it from the other side.
• One can configure the router by connecting a
computer terminal (computer port) to a router's
console port.
Console
port Terminal or
a PC with
Rollover terminal
cable emulation
software
Com1 or Com2
serial port
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32
Straight-Through or Crossover
Use straight-through cables for the following
cabling:
• Switch to router.
• Switch to PC or server.
• Hub to PC or server.
Use crossover cables for the following cabling:
• Switch to switch.
• Switch to hub.
• Hub to hub.
• Router to router.
• PC to PC.
• Router (Ethernet port) to PC. 33
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)
router
switch switch
Straight-through cable
router Crossover cable
switch switch
The outer jacket surrounds the optical fiber cable to protect the
fiber against abrasion, solvents, and other contaminants.
• The single-mode
core is eight to ten
microns in
diameter.
• Nine-micron cores
are the most
common.