Velocity Flow Meters

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 Velocity Flow Meters

There are following velocity flow meters.

1. Turbine meter
2. Electromagnetic
3. Vortex-shedding
4. Ultrasonic

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 Turbine meter
 Turbine flow meters use the mechanical energy of
the fluid to rotate a rotor in the flow stream. Blades
on the rotor are angled to transform energy from the
flow stream into rotational energy. The rotor shaft
spins on bearings. The transmitter processes receives
pulse signal in order to determine the flow of the
fluid.

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Turbine meter

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 Electromagnetic flow meter
 Magnetic flow meters works based on Faraday’s Law
of Electromagnetic Induction. According to this
principle, when a conductive medium passes through
a magnetic field B, a voltage E is generated which is
proportional to the velocity (v) of the medium, the
density of the magnetic field (B) and distance b/w
two electrodes (d).
 Mathematically, we can state Faraday’s law as
E is proportional to v x B x d

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 Electromagnetic flow meter
 In a magnetic flow meter, a current is applied to wire
coils mounted within or outside the meter body to
generate a magnetic field. The liquid flowing through
the pipe acts as the conductor and this induces a
voltage which is proportional to the average flow
velocity.
 It is very important that the liquid flow that is to be
measured using the magnetic flow meter must be
electrically conductive.

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 Electromagnetic flow meter
 Basically when the conductive liquid flows through
the magnetic field, voltage is induced. To measure
this generated voltage (which is proportional to the
velocity of the flowing liquid), two stainless steel
electrodes are used which are mounted opposite
each other.
 The two electrodes which are placed inside the flow
meter are then connected to an advanced electronic
circuit that has the ability to process the signal. The
processed signal is fed into the microprocessor that
calculates the volumetric flow of the liquid.
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Electromagnetic flow meter

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Electromagnetic flow meter

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Vortex-shedding flow meter

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 Ultrasonic Flow Meter
The transit-time utilizes the propagation time of the ultrasonic signal in the fluid.

A pair of transducers are installed on the outer surface of the pipe as shown in
the diagram. Each transducer works alternatively as both transmitter and receiver
of ultrasonic signals.

When the ultrasonic signal is transmitted toward the upstream side against the
flow direction, more propagation time is required (T1). On the other hand, when
it is transmitted toward the downstream side with the flow direction, the
propagation time is less (T2). That is, the signal is delayed or speeded up by the
moving fluid. The difference in time between "T1" and "T2" is proportional to the
flow velocity, and the flow volume can be calculated by multiplying it by the
cross-sectional area, which is obtained by using the pipe diameter and wall
thickness.

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Ultrasonic Flow Meter

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