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1st Term Topics:

1.Population
2.Trade
3.Transport and telecommunications
POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT
OBJECTIVES
• To know the meaning of different terms.

• To know the facts about Pakistan’s population.

• To understand the causes of population increase in Pakistan.

• To explain and evaluate the effects of the present and projected population
structure on the economy and development of Pakistan.

• To suggest the steps to control population in Pakistan.

IMPORTANT TERMS
• Population:
The inhabitants/people of a particular place or a country.
• Population growth:
The increase in the number of individuals in a population. It is directly related to birth rates, death
rates and migration.
• Birth and Death rate:
Are measured by average number of births and deaths per 1000 people.
• The rate of natural increase:
The difference between the birth and death rates (crude birth rate – crude death rate)
• Over population:
When the population is more than the available resources of a country.
• Sustainable population:
Population size that can be supported by available resources.
FACTS ABOUT THE POPULATION OF PAKISTAN
• The current population of Pakistan is 212.2 million according to the census
conducted in 2018.

• Equivalent to 2.83% of the total world population.

• Pakistan ranks number 5 in the list of countries by population.

• The population density in Pakistan is 287 persons per square kilometer.

• The total land area according to latest statistics is 881,913 square kilometer.
CAUSES OF OVERPOPULATION

Religious Economic Social Political Illiteracy

 RELIGIOUS
Muslims have a firm
belief that Allah gives
Rizq to everyone
therefore why have few Family planning
children. programmes receive
strong resistance on
religious grounds.
 ECONOMIC

Child Labour:
In Pakistan children form an important part of
the agricultural and industrial labour force and
therefore large families are an advantage.
Early marriages increase the
span for re-productivity. SOCIAL Large families are taken as a
matter of pride.

Desire for a son.

 POLITICAL
In-migration:
Afghan refugees started entering
Pakistan in 1979 and their number
reached 3.7 million in 1990. Pakistan is
still hosting almost 2 million Afghan In-consistent government policies:
refugees. Frequent change of governments
hinders the consistency of the
population welfare projects.
 ILLITERACY

In Pakistan, majority of the people are illiterate. They are

not aware of economic distress caused by high birth rate.
EFFECTS OF OVER POPULATION
• Food insecurity
• Unemployment rises
• Burden on health facilities, fewer doctors, hospitals, shortage of medicines
• Shortage of water supply
• Electricity crisis
• Lack of educational institutions
• Child labor
• Burden on transport resources
• Burden on housing facilities
• Increase in noise, air, and land pollution due to more traffic and litter
• Rise in crimes and terrorist activities
EFFECTS ON ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT
Economy:
• Shortage of money/foreign exchange to buy food etc./negative balance of payments
• Need for foreign loans
Lack of money for investment
Development:
• Overpopulation leading to – shortages of – food, water, education, health services,
work/unemployment, money/poverty
• Housing/homelessness/living on the streets/overcrowding/Kachi Abadi
• Traffic congestion
• High prices/inflation
• Shortage of power/fuel/load shedding
• Deforestation/trees/loss of farmland
• Little industrial development
 SOLUTIONS
1. REDUCING POPULATION GROWTH RATE:
• Vigorous and consistent family planning programmes in rural and urban areas
• Providing cheap contraceptives to the population
• Imposing a ban on child labor

2. HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT:

• Increasing the literacy rate
• Providing educational facilities to people in rural and urban areas
• Focusing on female education in the following ways:

1. Delayed marriages

2. Career oriented

3. For educated women, material possessions are more important

4. Educated women have a better knowledge of family planning

• Introducing skill development programmes

3. UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES :

THANK YOU!