APA Citation and

Reference List

Jane P. Singuran,MSLIS
FSUU LRC
February 24, 2021
10:00 A.M.
 Types of Documentation Style

•AMA – (American Medical Association)

•APA - ( American Psychological
Association)
•MLA - ( Modern Language Association)

•Chicago Style
•Turabian Style
•CSE - (Council of Science Editors)
Overview:
Widely accepted in the
social sciences and other
fields, such as education,
business and nursing
Requires parenthetical
citations within the text
rather than endnotes or
footnotes.
Citations in the text provide
brief information, usually the
name of the author and the
date of publication, to lead
the reader to the source of
information in the reference
list at the end of the paper.
 Note: All citations must be in hanging Indent
Format with the first line flush to the left margin
and all other lines indented.
RFERENCE CITATIONS IN TEXT
APA utilizes a system of
brief referencing in the text
of a paper, whether one is
paraphrasing or providing a
direct quotation from
another author’s work.
Citations in the text usually
consist of the name of the
author(s) and the year of
publication. The page
number is added when
utilizing a direct
quotation.
 APA Style: Reference
Citations in Text
1. Indirect Quotation with Author as Part
of the Narrative
Example:

Last name (Year of Publication)

Brookfield (2000) nearly 12% of the
Amazonian rain forest in Brazil as been shaped or
influenced by thousands of years of indigenous
human culture.
2. Indirect Quotation with Parenthetical
Citation

Example:

The Organization of Indigenous Peoples of

the Columbian Amazon attempted in 2011 to
take legal action to ban such fumigation over
indigenous lands. Their efforts were not
supported by the Columbian government (Lloyd
& Soltani, 2001,p.5)
(Last name of author, year of publication, page number)
 3. Direct Quotation with
Parenthetical Citation

Example:

Darwin used the metaphor of

tree of life “ to express the other
form of interconnectedness genealogy
rather than ecological “ (Gould &
Brown,1991,p.14)
4. Direct Quotation with Author as
Part of the Narrative

Example:

Gould and Brown (1991)

explained that Darwin used the
metaphor of the tree of life “to
express the other form of
interconnectedness- genealogical
rather than ecological” (p.14)
 5. Citing Secondary Sources

When citing in the text a work

discussed in a secondary source,
give both the primary and the
secondary source. In the example
below, the study by Seidenberg
and McClelland was mentioned in
an article by Coltheart, Curtis,
Atkins, & Haller.
Example:

Seidenberg and McClelland’s

study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis,
Atkins, & Haller, 1993) provided a
glimpse into the world…..
In the reference page, you would cite the
secondary source you read not the original
study.

Example:

Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., &

Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud:
Dual-route and parallel-distributed-
processing approaches. Psychological
Review, 100, 589-608.
 6. Two to five authors
Example:
Kaimowitz, Mertens, Wunder and
Pacheco(2014) report in “ Hamburger
Connection Fuels Amazon Instruction”,
there are three key factors behind the
burgeoning demand of Brazilian beef and
the resulting burning of the Amazon rain
forest for pasture land.
 7. Six or more authors
Example:

Barbre et al. (1989) have argued,

using personal narratives enables
researches to connect the individual
and the social.
 8. Organization as author
Example:

According to the report issued by

the Inter-American Association for
Environmental Defense (2004), a
significant population of Columbia’s
indigenous peoples live within the
protected parklands.
9. Citing Personal Communications

In citing personal
communication, it includes the
name of the person, an
indication that it was personal
communication, and the date on
which the communication
occurred.
Example:

Teachers of psychology who submit

materials to OTRP need to remember that
the focus of materials published in OTRP is
utilitarian. Theoretical justification for the
project and the background literature are
less important for resources in OTRP (Janet
Carlson, personal communication,
August 10, 2004).
10. No author?

Use the first few words of the title instead.

Within parentheses, use quotation marks around
the title of an article, a chapter, or a web page;
Italicize the name of a journal, newspaper,
magazine, or book.
Examples:
("Study Finds", 2007). College Bound
Seniors, 2008, pp. 42-43.
 11. Electronic source
Example:
By one estimate, nearly 12% of the
Amazonian rain forest in Brazil has been
shaped or influenced by thousands of years
of indigenous human culture (Brookfield,
2001); the evidence is as basic as the terra
preta do Indio or “ Indian Black Earth”
(Glick, 2007, para.4), for which the
Brazilian region of Santarem is known.
Order of Citations in the Reference List
 Used to indicate where information presented in the essay can
be retrieved.
 A complete list of references used in piece of writing including
the author name, date of publication, title, etc…
 Only include text cited in the essay
 The most basic rule is to alphabetize the reference list by the
last name of the first author.
 Use initials for first and middle names.
 Reference list begins a new page, with “References” centered
at top of page.
 If you cite two references for which the author is the same
for each, put them in chronological order.
 Alphabetize names related to the Gaelic Mac, including Mc,
Mac, and M’ using the
exact letters in the name. So Mac, would come before Mc
which would come before M’. Similarly, the last name like
Saint James would come before St. James.
 If two different authors have the same last name,
alphabetize by their initials (e.g.,
Smith, R.A. would precede Smith, S.L.)
 If a group has authored a work, use the first important
word of the group name as the author’s name. ( Words like
The, A or An are not considered as important words.)
 The first line of an entry is at the left margin, and
subsequent lines are indented one half-inch (hanging
indent)
 Double-space all reference entries.
 Reference List-Author’ Names
 Use last names, first initials with all authors’
in reverse order, regardless of quantity

 Last name, first initial.

* Griggs, B.W., Holland, R.H., & Mills, S.R.S
 Reference List-Capitalization of Titles
 Capitalizethe first word in the title and
subtitle, and any proper nouns ( cities,
counties, peoples’ names) for books, article,
and chapter titles
 Capitalize
the first word, all nouns, verbs,
adverbs, and adjectives for names of journals
 Don’tdrop any words, such as A, An,or The,
from the titles of periodicals (newspapers,
magazines, journals.
 Reference List
JOURNALS MAGAZINES, NEWSPAPERS IN
PRINT FROMAT
General Form
Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author, C.c. (Year).
Title of Article. Title of Journal, xx, xxx-xxx.

Note: The journal title and the volume number are in

Italics.
 One Author

Williams, J.H. (2008). Employee engagement:

Improving participation in safety. Professional
Safety, 53(12), 40-45.
Two to Seven Authors (List All Authors)
Keller, T.E., Cusick, G.R., & Courtney, M.E. (2007).
Approaching the transition to adulthood:
Distinctive profiles of adolescents aging out of
the child welfare. Social Services Review, 81,
453-484.
Eight or More Authors ( List the first six
authors…and the last author

Wolchick, S.A., West, S.G., Sandler, I.N.,

Tein, J.Y., Coatsworth, D., Lengua,
L…Griffin, W.A. (2000). An experimental
evaluation of theory-based mother and
child programs for children of divorce.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical
Psychology, 68, 843-856.
 Magazine Article
*Last name, first initial.(year, month day of
publication). Title of article. Title of newspaper or
magazines, volume, (issue) page numbers.
Mathews, J., Berrett, D., & Brillman, D. (2005, May 16).
Other winning equations. Newsweek, 145 (20), 58-
59.
Newspaper Article with No Author and
Discontinuous Pages
Generic Prozac debuts. (2001, August 3). The
Washington Post, pp. E1,E4.
 BOOKS, CHAPTERS IN
BOOKS, REPORTS
General Form
Author, A.A. (Year). Title of work. Location:
Publisher.
One Author
Alexie, S.(1992.) The business of fancy dancing:
Stories and poems. Brooklyn, NY: Hang
Loose Press.
Corporate Author with an Edition and
Published by the Corporate Author
American Psychiatric Association. (1994).
Diagnostic and statistical manual of
mental disorders (4th. ed.).
Washington, DC: MacMillan Press.
Anonymous Author
Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary
(31st ed.). (2007). Philadelphia, PA:
Guilford Press.
Chapter in a Book
Booth-LaForce, C., & Kerns, K.A. (2009).
Child-parent attachment relationships,
peer relationships, and peer-group
functioning. In K.H. Rubin, W.M.
Bukowski, & B. Laursen (Eds.), Hand-
book of peer interactions, relationships,
and groups (pp.490-507). New York,
NY: Guilford Press.
 Journal or Magazine Article
(online, no doi):
Examples:

Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Title

of Journal, volume number (issue number),
pages. Retrieved month from  http://journal
homepage address

Henheffer, T. (2009, September 7). Why are the

fishermen dying at sea?. Maclean's, 122(34),
21. Retrieved March 11, 2013
from  http://www2.macleans.ca
Newspaper Article (online):
Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title of article. Title
of Newspaper, page number(s). Retrieved date
from  http://newspaper homepage address
Example:

Hurley, C. (2009, October 24). Suzuki encourages

Newfoundlanders to join the world in
demonstration on climate change. The
Western Star, p. 4. Retrieved March 23, 2013
from http://www.thewesternstar.com/
 E-Books

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book.

doi:xxxxxxxxxxx

Example:

Moorcroft, W. H. (2005). Understanding sleep

and dreaming. doi:10.1007/0-387-28698-5
Author, A.A.(Year). Title of the book. Retrieved
from htt://URL

Example:
Holland, N. N. (1982). Laughing: A psychology of
humor. Retrieved March 13, 2013 from
http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/ufdc/UFDC.aspx=
palmm&c=psa1&m=hd2J&i=45367
 WEBSITES

*if no publication date is available,

use (n.d.) for "no date". If no
author is available, begin reference
list entry with the title.
 Entire Website
Author, A. A. (Year, Month day). Title from web
site. Retrieved month from http://homepage
URL
Example :

McLean, B. (2006). Child and adolescent

psychology services: Learning disability &
ADHD assessment for children and adults.
Retrieved March 13, 2013 from
http://www.newfoundlandpsychology.com/
 Dissertation or Thesis (Print)

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis

(Doctoral dissertation OR Master's thesis).
University, Location.
Example:

Singuran, J.P. (2013). Library utilization of Fr.

Saturnino Urios University. (Master’s thesis).
University of San Carlos, Cebu City.
Newsletters

Author, A.A. (Year, Month). Title of article.

Title of newsletter, volume, pp.

Beins, B.C. (2006, November). APA style:

The style we love to hate. General
Psychology Newsletter, 16, 29-31.
 Presentations
 Presentation given at a conference or other meetings.

Author, A.A.(Year,Month).Title of the presentation.

Title of the conference, Place.
Example:
McCarthy, M., & Beins, B.C.(2005, January). Sharing
the commitment to learning: Working toward a
common goal. Paper presented at the National
Institute on the Teaching of Psychology, St.
Peterburg, Florida.
 Poster Presentation given at a conference or
other meetings.

Author, A.A. (Year, Month). Title of Presentation.

Title of the Conference, Place.
Example:

Beins, B.C.(2005, October). Online psycho-

logical laboratory: A free resource for
experiments and demonstrations. Poster
Session at the Northeastern Conference for
Teachers of Psychology, New Haven: CT.
 References
Beins, B. C. (2012). APA style simplified : Writing in
psychology, education, nursing and sociology. UK:
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schwartz, B.M. (2012). An easy guide to APA style.
Australia: Wadsworth.
Szuchman, L..t. (2011). Writing with style : Made easy.
Australia: Cengage Learning.
Mainon, E.P, Peritz, J.H. & Yancey, K.B. (2010). A writer’s
resource: A handbook for writing and research
(3rd.ed.). Boston: McGrawHill.