Calculus and Analytic Geometry

PROGRAM
Credit Hours : 3

Dr: Tariq Abbas

Department of Electrical Engineering
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar
1
 Lecture NO 12
Integration By Partial Fraction
Method, Reduction Formulas and
Gamma Function
WEEK 12
Department of Electrical Engineering
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar

2
 Integration By Partial
Fraction Method
•  
Integration by Partial Fraction:
Partial fraction decomposition has great value as a tool for
integration. This process may be thought of as “reverse” of adding
fractional algebraic expression, and it allows us to break up rational
expression into simpler terms. Partial fraction decomposition is an
algebraic procedure for expressing a reduced rational function as a
sum of fractional parts. For example, a
rational expression
Case No 1: Denominator contains non-repeated linear factors

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•  
Question: Using the Partial fraction method to evaluate the
following integral
Solution:
Resolve into partial fraction
-----(1)
Multiplying on both sides of the equation (1)
by we get
----(2)
Putting the values of in equation (2)

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•implies
  that

implies that

implies that

Putting the values of A, B and C in equation(2), we get

Integrate them

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•  
=
Question: Using the Partial fraction method to evaluate the
following integral
Solution:

implies that

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•  
Resolve the above integral into partial fraction
-----(1)
Multiplying on both sides of equation (1) by , we get. ----(2)
Putting the values of , in equation (2)
implies that

implies that
Putting the values A and B in equation (1), we get

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•  

Question: Using the Partial fraction method to evaluate the

following integral
Solution:

, Resolve into partial Fraction

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•----(1)
 
Multiplying on both sides of equation (1) by
-----(2)
Putting the values of , we get
implies that

implies that

implies that

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•   the values of A, B and C in equation (1)
Putting

Reduction Formulas:
Question: Prove that
Proof:

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 Continue
•  
Applying the integration by parts rule

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•  

Question: Prove that

Proof:

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•  
Reference

Question: Prove that

Proof:

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•  
Apply the integration by parts rule

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•  

Question: To evaluate the integral by using the reduction

formula of sine function.
Solution: We know that

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•  

Question: To evaluate the integral by using the reduction formula

of cosine function.
Solution:
-----(I)

16Q
•  
Putting the value of in (I)

---(II)

put in (II)

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•  
Question: To evaluate the integral by using the reduction
formula of sine function.
Solution: We know that

----(I)

Putting the value of in (I)

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•  

Question: To evaluate the integral by using the reduction

formula of tangent function.
Solution: We know that

----(I)

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•  

put in (I)

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•  
Question: To evaluate the integral by using the reduction
formula of secant function.
Solution: We know that

-----(I)

divide and multiply the above second term by

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•  
Putting the value of in (I)

Gamma Function: The gamma function is defined by the integral

When the argument z is an integer, the gamma function is just the
familiar factorial function, but off set by one,
The gamma function satisfies the recurrence relation

Question: Prove that

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•  
Solution: By definition of gamma function
Put in above
implies that
We use the following formula of integration

implies that
Hence proved.

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•  
Question: Prove that (i) (ii)
Solution: (i) By definition of gamma function

Using integration by parts rule

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•----(I)
  replace by in (I)

-----(II) proved
(ii) Replace by in (I)

putting this value in (I)

Similarly -----(III)
Putting the value of in (III)

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•----(IV)
 
Replace by in (IV)
Implies that
Hence proved.
Question: Evaluate
Solution: Let -----(1)
Suppose implies that put in (1)

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•   use the following formula
We
implies that

implies that

Reference put in above

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•  
Question: Evaluate
Solution: Let -----(1)
Suppose implies that put in (1)

We use the following formula

implies that

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•implies
  that

implies that

implies that

Reference put in above

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