Data Control Language

In
Oracle
 Data Control Language
• A data control language (DCL) is a syntax used
to control access to data stored in a database.
• Privilege is the right to access another user’s
objects.
• We can grant privileges(insert, select, delete,
update) to others.
• We can also withdraw the privileges.
 Grant Privilege
• Privilege such as insert, delete and update can
be granted to other users.
• SYNTAX
Grant privileges on <object_name> to
<user_name>
Example:
Grant select, insert, update on detail to office;
 CREATING A TABLE

• sql> create table Product_add

(pro_code number(5) NOT NULL,
pro_name varchar2(20),
pro_price number(7,2),
pro_quantity number(7)
);
Tabel Created.

SQL> Desc PRODUCT_ADD

Name NULL Type
Pro_code NOT NULL number(5)
Pro_name varchar2(20)
Pro_price number(7,2)
Pro_quantity number(7)
 Alter Table
• To Add another Column
• SQL> ALTER table PRODUCT_ADD add comm
number(4);
Table Altered.
• TO Modify an existing column
• SQL> ALTER Table PRODUCT_ADD modify
(pro_name varchar2(20) PRIMARY KEY);
• Table Altered.
 Drop Table
• Syntax:- DROP TABLE table_name;

– Eg. DROP TABLE product_add;

Data Manipulation Language(DML)
• Select(to query)
• Update(modifying tables)
• Insert(adding new records)
• Delete(remove existing records)

INSERT:-
SQL> Insert into PRODUCT_ADD (prod_code, prod_name) VALUES
(1001, “CYNTHOL”);

SQL> Insert into PRODUCT_ADD values(1002,”LIFEBOY”, 26.70,

10);
 SELECT
• SELECT:-
SQL> Select prod_code from PRODUCT_ADD where
prod_name=“CYNTHOL”;
To select particular Field.

SQL> Select * from PRODUCT_ADD;

To select entire table rows and display.
SQL> Select prod_name, prod_code from
PRODUCT_ADD;
To select only two columns of all rows.
 UPDATE
• SQL> UPDATE PRODUCT_ADD set
prod_price=30.00 where prod_code=1002;
– To update the price.
DELETE:-
SQL> Delete *from PRODUCT_ADD;
-the above command removes all the rows from the
table PRODUCT_ADD.
 Data Control Language (DCL)
• Grant(Create user, provides DB object access)
• Revoke(Revokes the user, revokes DB object
access)
• Commit(Commit the changes)
• Rollback(Nullify the changes)
GRANT:-Syntax
GRANT privileges on <object_name> to
<user_name>
 GRANT
• eg. Grant select, insert, delete, update on
PRODUCT_ADD to Purchase_dep;
• REVOKE:- Syntax
REVOKE privileges on <object_name> from
<user_name>;
eg. Revoke select, insert, delete, update on
PRODUCT_ADD from Purchase_dep;
 Revoke privilege
• To withdraw the privilege which has been
granted to a user.
• SYNTAX
Revoke privileges on <object name> to
<username>
Example
Revoke insert, delete, update on detail to office;
 Commit and Rollback
• Commit: This command will commit the
database for all the transactions(insert, delete
etc.)
SQL>COMMIT;
Rollback: This command will undo the
transactions done in database.
SQL>ROLLBACK;