Integration

What is integration?
The calculation of area has been restricted to regions
bounded by straight lines or parts of circle. The
study of integration will extend the study of areas
to regions bound by more general curves.

The basis of Integration is the fact that finding

tangents and finding areas are inverse processes, so
that integration is the inverse process of
differentiation(Pender et al Cambridge Mathematics)
 The trapezoidal rule…
The trapezoidal rule uses a trapezium for the
approximate area under a curve. The trapezium
generally gives a better approximation to the area
than a rectangle.
f(b) f(x)

f(a)

a b
 Formula
• There is also a more general formula for ‘n’ subintervals;
several trapeziums can be used for more accurate area
Function values

yn
yn-1
y2 y3
y1
y0

……

a <n> b
 Example 1
Use the Trapezoidal rule with 6 function value s to
estimate .

77.5
Try…