SPECIAL PRODUCTS

By: Nathaniel S. Antero

 OBJECTIVE
At the end of the chapter, the students should be able to perform multiplication of
polynomials using properties of special products.

SPECIAL PRODUCTS
- There are products in algebra that take place very frequently. With this it is
beneficial to be able to distinguish these by sight and solve these faster than the
long hand multiplication method. Special products are formulas used as patterns to
get the product at sight.
 SPECIAL PRODUCTS

•  
1. Multiplication using the distributive axiom (monomial multiplied by multino
mial)

2. Product of the sum and difference of the two terms

3. Square of the sum or difference of two terms

4. Cube of the sum or difference of two terms

5. Product of binomial and trinomial of the following form: (xy)(x2xy+y2)=x3y3)

6. Square of multinomial
1. MULTIPLICATION USING THE DISTRIBUTIVE AXIOM
(MONOMIAL MULTIPLIED BY MULTINOMIAL)
STEP:
Distribute the monomial to each term of the multinomial

a (b + c + d) = ab + ac + ad
Examples:
a. -5x (w – 2x + 4z) = (-5x)(w) + (-5x)(-2x) + (-5x)(4z)
= -5xw + 10x2 – 20xz
b. 3x (a – b + c) = 3x(a) + 3x(-b) + 3x(c)
= 3ax – 3bx + 3cx
2. PRODUCT OF THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF
THE TWO TERMS
STEP:
- Square the FIRST term minus the square of the LAST term
FIRST term
LAST term
(x + y)(x – y) = x2 – y2
Examples:
a. (3x + 4y)(3x – 4y) = (3x)2 – (4y)2
= 9x2 – 16y2
b. (5a + 7)(5a – 7) = (5a)2 – (7)2
= 25a2 - 49
 3. SQUARE OF THE SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF
TWO TERMS
•STEP:
 
1. Square the FIRST term
2. Twice the product of the FIRST and LAST term
3. Square the LAST term
FIRST term
LAST term
(x y)(x y) = x2 2xy + y2
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Examples:
a. (2x + 7y)(2x + 7y) = (2x)2 + 2(2x)(7y) + (7y)2
= 4x2 + 28xy + 49y2
b. (x – 3)(x – 3) = (x)2 + 2(x)(-3) + (-3)2
= x2 – 6x + 9
 4. CUBE OF THE SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO
TERMS
•STEPS:
 

1. Cube the FIRST term

2. Thrice the SQUARE of the FIRST term times the LAST term
3. Thrice the FIRST term times the SQAURE of the LAST term
4. Cube the LAST term
FIRST term
LAST term
(x y)3 = x3 3x2y + 3xy2 y3
Step Step Step Step
1 2 3 4
 4. CUBE OF THE SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO
TERMS
Examples:

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

a. (6x – 7y)3 = (6x)3 - 3(6x)2(7y) + 3(6x)(7y)2 – (7y)3

= 216x3 – 3(36x2)(7y) + 3(6x)(49y2) – 343y3
= 216x3 – 756x2y + 882y2 – 343y3

b. (a + 2)3 = (a)3 + 3(a)2(2) + 3(a)(2)2 + (2)3

= a3 + (3)(a2)(2) + (3)(a)(4) + 8
= a3 + 6a2 + 12a + 8
5. PRODUCT OF BINOMIAL AND TRINOMIAL OF
 
THE FOLLOWING FORM: (XY)(X2XY+Y2)=X3Y3)

•STEPS:
 

1. Cube the FIRST term of the BINOMIAL

2. Cube the LAST term of the BINOMIAL
FIRST term of the BINOMIAL
LAST term of the BINOMIAL
(x y)( x2 xy + y2) = x3 y3
Step Step
1 2
5. PRODUCT OF BINOMIAL AND TRINOMIAL OF
3 3  
THE FOLLOWING FORM: (XY)(X XY+Y )=X Y )
2 2

Examples:

Step 1 Step 2

a. (x + 2)(x2 – 2x + 4) = (x)3 + (2)3

= x3 + 8
b. (a – 3)(a2 + 3a + 9) = (a)3 + (-3)3
= a3 – 27
 6. SQUARE OF MULTINOMIAL
STEPS:
1. Square the FIRST term
2. Square the SECOND term
3. Square the LAST term
4. Twice the product of the FIRST and SECOND term
5. Twice the product of the FIRST and LAST term
6. Twice the product of the SECOND and LAST term
FIRST term
SECOND term
LAST term
(a + b + c)2 = a2 +Stepb2 +Stepc2 +Step
2ab +Step2ac +Step2bc Step
1 2 3 4 5 6
 6. SQUARE OF MULTINOMIAL
Examples:
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6

a. (2x + 3y – 4z)2 = (2x) 2 + (3y) 2 + (-4z) 2 + 2(2x)(3y) + 2(2x)(-4z) + 2(3y)(-4z)

= 4x 2 + 9y 2 + 16z 2 + 12xy – 16xz – 24yz

b. (-4a + 5b – 7) = (-4a) 2 + (5b) 2 + (-7) 2 + 2(-4a)(5b) + 2(-4a)(-7) + 2(5b)(-7)

= 16a 2 + 25b 2 + 49 – 40ab + 98a – 70b
= 16a 2 + 25b 2 + 98a – 40ab – 70b +49
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
COOPERATIO
N!!!