UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds

for
Communication and Radar

Thomas Buchegger
Linz Center of Mechatronics - ICIE

Alexander Reisenzahn
University of Linz – IME

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Outline

• UWB Communication Test-Beds

– Human Tissue Penetrating
Radio Link Prototype
• Cochlear Implant Application
– PPM Test-Bed with Synchronization
– Phase Modulated Transmitted Reference
Systems
• UWB Radar

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Communication Test-Beds

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Human Tissue Penetrating

Radio Link Prototype
• Modulation: On-Off Keying
• PRF: 40 MHz
• Data rate: 1.2 Mbps
• Range: 1 m
• Receiver: non-coherent detector
• Power consumption (Rx): 20 mW
Rx with Backward Diode: 0 mW

UWB transmitter UWB detector receiver

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Human Tissue Penetrating

Radio Link Prototype – The Chochlear Implant Application

outside componts of a
chochlea implant

UWB transmit signal

• high power consumption

• optical unfavorable

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

UWB PPM Test-Bed with Synchronization

• block schematic of the prototype

UWB radio
LN PD LP OP ADC
transmitter channel
A A

oscilloscop PD micro
external clock controller
(Information)
UWB
reference DDS
pulse
local oscillator

transmitter channel receiver

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

UWB PPM Test-Bed with Synchronization

Results:

UWB PPM transmitter

step recovery diodes
data rate of 10Mbps

UWB PPM coherent receiver

correlation Receiver
DDS for synchronization

Synchronization algorithm:
clock synchronization
< 100 ppm
data synchronization
UWB PPM and OOK test bed
< 5 ms

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Pulse-Based Modulation Schemes

1 0 1 0 1 0
Amplitude

Amplitude
t
t

On-Off-Keying
0 1 0 Delay Hopped Transmitted Reference (DHTR)
Amplitude

t 0 1 0

Amplitude
Pulse Amplitude t
0 1 0
Amplitude

t Phase Modulated Transmitted Reference (PMTR)

s1, s2 = 0, 0 0, 1 1, 0 1, 1
Pulse Position
Amplitude

0 1 0
t
Amplitude

Enhanced Phase Modulated Transmitted Reference (EPMTR)

Pulse Phase

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

PMTR UWB Systems

• Fast and easy synchronization

with an integrating controller

• Only one broadband mixer in

the receiver

• One pulse per bit

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

EPMTR Transmitter and Receiver

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Simulation – DHTR, PMTR, EPMTR Systems

DHTR in CM1 with 10 Mbps

Comparison in AWGN channel

PMTR in CM1 with 10 Mbps

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

PMTR - Hardware – Test-Bed

+3,3 V +3,3 V +3,3 V +3,3 V

R1 R3 R4 R6
C4

C1 C2 C3

T1 T2

Uout
Uin Stichleitung Stichleitung
R2 0,5 mm dick R5 0,5 mm dick
1 mm lang 1 mm lang

GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND

Pulse generator of an UWB PMTR system

PMTR transmitter

Transmit pulses of a PMTR system

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Radar Test-Bed

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

UWB-Radar Test-Bed Principle

TX
Antenna
USB Transistor
PC
Controller Pulse Generator

Target
Direct Digital Down
Amp. LNA
Synthesizer Converter
RX
Antenna
ADC

Radar test-bed block diagram

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Transmitter – Pulse generation with

D-Latch and single bipolar transistor

+3.3V
• TTL-outputsignal drives
+3.3V
transistor into saturation
R1
• Due to the step recovery effect
D
PR
Q
C1
Pulse Out
a steep rising edge at the
collector is generated
Stub

CLK In CLK

CLR
Q • Differentiation with a short
circuited stub
• Elimination of the negative
Pulse generation circuitry components with a clipping
diode

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Transmitter – Pulse generation with

D-Latch and single bipolar transistor

Output pulse
Spectrum of the output pulse combined with the FCC indoor
radiation mask

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Receiver – Sequential Sampling

amplitude
tSample

tPL

tPR time

1
t Sample  t PR 
2 f max

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Receiver - Sampling Phase Detector

IF-OUT

LO-IN SPD RF-IN

• Step recovery diode generates step functions

• Capacitors differentiate the steps to pulses and act
as a filter for low frequencies
• Schottky diodes are turned on by the pulses

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Receiver – Down Conversion

Pulse original Pulse downconverted

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Measurements

Conversion gain 1-dB compression point

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Measurements
•1 dB-Compression Dynamic Range: > 42 dB

•Receiver Sensitivity: -43 dBm

Propagation delay

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

UWB Radar Test-Bed

• No biasing
• Low cost off the shelf
components
• FR4 PCB-material
• Single 5 V power supply
• Data transfer with USB-
interface

Radar test-bed

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Receiver – Downconverter with SPD

LOW PASS
SPD FILTER

LO-IN L RF-IN OUT

Down converter circuitry with SPD

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Receiver – Downconverter Bandwidth

• Bandwith is depending on the sampling pulse
duration:
350
f max  GHz
t in ps

• Pulse duration approximately the transit time of the

SRD
tT  55 ps

 f max  6,4 GHz

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Transmitter - Pulse Generation

• D-Latch combined with step recovery diodes (SRD)

• D-Latch combined with a single bipolar transistor

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Transmitter - D-Latch with SRD

+5V

L1
C1 C2 C3
D2 • Both SRDs biased in forward
direction
in D1 out
• D1 used for steepening the
GND rising edge
• D2 used for steepening the
I1 I2
falling edge
• Capacitors for DC-decoupling

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

Transmitter - D-Latch with SRD

TTL Pulse
UWB Pulse

Input- and Output-Pulse

Prototype

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

UWB PPM Test-Bed with Synchronization

U
pulse repetition time
Rx Signal 1
... t PRF 
f PRF
1 f necessary new pulse repetition time for a pulse shift of tPOS
f PRF
is used within the time tMC.
1 t POS 1
t PRF ,new   f  f PRF 
t POS f PRF t MC  f PRF 1 t POS
U 
f PRF tMC  f PRF
Template
...
Signal

f
t MC

example:
tPOS = 38 ps
fPRF = 10 MHz f = 507 Hz
tMC  = 750 ns

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UWB Pulse Based Test-Beds for
Communication and Radar

EPMTR Transmitter and Receiver

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