internet CONNECTIVITY

satish KUMAR pandey

ROLLNO.-08
 What we mean by “wireless”
• An extension of an existing Internet
connection
–Not a stand-alone connection
• Allows computers to connect to:
–other computers (directly)
–local networks and devices
–the Internet
 TYPES OF CONNECTIVITY
• Cable Modem Broadband :( wired)
• T-1 Lines:actually consists of 24 individual
channels,
• Speed: 1.5mbps
• Each 64Kbit/second channel
• Bonded T-1:is two or more T-1 lines that have
been joined (bonded)
• Speed: multiple of 1.5
 Cont.……..
• T-3 Lines
• 672 individual channels
• Speed:43 to 45 Mbps
• OC3-OC255(optical cable)
• Speeds are 155.52 Mbps, or roughly the speed of 100
T1 lines.
• Internet 2 - Not a real 'connection', but a study.
Speeds of 6.63 Gigabytes a second. Can't wait!

•
 Digital Subscriber Connection (DSL)
(Analog)
• connection using your phone line and a special
modem.
• SPEED:about 400-650K per second
• TYPES:
• ADSL
• 1.5 to 9 Mbps
• ADSL+2
• SPEED :
• VDSL
 Dial-Up connections:(ANALOG)

• and data rates are limited.

 ISDN - Integrated services digital
network (ISDN)
• speeds range from 64 Kbps to 128 Kbps.
• ADSL
• SDSL(SAME DATA RATE FOR UP &DOWN)
 Satellite connection

• most expensive alternative for getting a high-

speed connection to the Internet
• SUTABLE FOR rural area or a spot where
other options are not available
• two varieties, 1-way and 2-way. One-way
satellites are like television receivers: they
only accept signals.
• 2 WAY both sends and receives and is
telephone-free.
 CONT….
• T1 - Tier1- Very expensive and 'slow'. It's a great
connection for hosting servers, yet the download
speeds are lacking. It is 1.5Mbit/1.5Mbit,
symmetrical download and uploads.
T3 - Tier3- Droningly awesome. Very fast, but very
expensive. 44Mbit downloads.
T2, T4, T5 - Tier 2, 4, and 5 are not used as much
as above but have speeds of 6Mbit (T2), 274Mbit
(T4), and 400Mbit (T5)
 Wireless Internet Connections
• It is typically more expensive and mainly
available in metropolitan areas.
• use radio frequency bands
WORKING
 What do we mean by HTTP?

• HTTP is the stateless request-response based

communications protocol which is employed by
the browser on your computer to request and
receive information from a web-server. By
stateless, we mean that the protocol does not
maintain any contextual information about the
browsers communicating with it. Hence browsers
maintain session information and may use
cookies to provide memory about the current
status of the interaction between a user and the
host system. The Internet currently uses version
1.1 of the HTTP,
 What are the HTTP Requests and
HTTP Responses?
• An HTTP Request has three main components,
they are:
• HTTP Request Method, URI, and Protocol
Version
• HTTP Request Headers
• HTTP Request Body
An HTTP Response also has three main
components, which are:
• Protocol/Version, Status Code, and its
Description
• HTTP Response Headers
• HTTP Response Body .
 Advantages of Wireless Internet
connectivity
• super-fast broadband speed,
• is more affordable and more reliable than
satellite broadband, since satellite signals
typically have to travel tens of thousands of
miles.
• delivering communications to a small town in
an area which lacks cable infrastructure
• or merely looking to avoid the slower speeds
• optimize your surfing time.
 Disadvantage of Wireless Internet
connectivity
• of someone, within the wireless traffic,
hacking into your connection.
• So, you need to be sure to use wireless
security to ensure all your private information
• safe from those unauthorized viewers.
 Ways to Connect
.
• PC to PC • PC to Wireless Access Point
– (Ad Hoc)
– (Infrastructure) “Hot Spot”
 What do I need?
1. Computer
• Wi-Fi card
• Built-in wireless

2. Wireless Access Point (WAP)

• Public or Private?
• Open or Secure?
• Free or Paid?
 Wireless Internet Connection
• Satellite services
– Internet access in remote regions
– Suitable for home and office use
– Needs a VSAT at the client
• Very Small Aperture Terminal
• Connects to the satellite
– Modem connects to the VSAT
 Wireless Internet Connection
• Wireless WAN (WWAN)
– Wireless network over a large area
– Uses radio signals to transfer data
– Speeds range from 1 to 100 Mbps
– Antennas required
– Subject to atmospheric disturbances
 Wireless Internet Connection
• Wireless LANs (WLAN)
– Network without wires
– Connects to a broadband LAN connection
– WAP are wired directly into the LAN
– Nodes use wireless
Wireless LAN
 Wireless Internet Connection
• Wireless security
– Crucial to protect wireless transmissions
– Encryption protects transmissions
– Wireless Encryption Protocol is quite weak
– Wi-Fi Protected Access is stronger
– MAC address of trusted computers
– War driving
QUESTIONS ?