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Basic Troubleshooting
General Hydraulic Symbols

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 Hydraulic System Safety

 The hydraulic systems and components are designed for

specific use in the drilling industry. The hydraulic
pressure for this equipment can be as high as 2,500 psi.

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 Before beginning work on any portion of the hydraulic
system, familiarize yourself with the hydraulic and
electrical schematics.
 Isolate, lock out, and tag the hydraulic and electrical
power and controls.
 Take precautions when bleeding down residual system
pressure, using bleed valves or equivalent techniques.

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 Solenoid Operated Valves

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 Manual Valve

3 Position 4 Way Valve

Manual Shift
Detent

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 Pumps

Fixed Displacement

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Variable Displacement

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 Pressure Relief Valves

Standard Valve

Ventable Relief Valve

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Differential Unloading Valve

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 Pressure Reducing Valve

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 Pressure Reducing/Relieving Valve

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 Check Valve

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 Check Valves

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 Cavity Plug

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3

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 Internal Plug

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 Non Adjustable Flow Control Valves

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 Non Adjustable Orifice

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 Counterbalance Valves

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 Logic Cartridge

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With Metering

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 Disconnect Coupling

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 Non Bypass Filter

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 Filter with Bypass

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 Manual Shutoff Valve

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Optional Handle
Directional

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 Thermostat

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Bi-metallic
Strip

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 Pressure Switch

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2 Position
Normally Closed
Normally Open

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 Heat Exchanger

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 Hydro-Pneumatic Accumulator

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 Hydraulic Motor (Bi-Directional)

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 Hydraulic Cylinder

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Bore
Stroke
Rod Diameter

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 Tank (Reservoir)

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 Test Point

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 Training Solutions

Basic Troubleshooting
System Hydraulics

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 Main Pressure Unloading Circuit

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 Lube Pump Motor

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 Rotating Head Motor – Rotate Left

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 Rotating Head and Shot Pin

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 Rotating Head Motor – Rotate Right

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 Link-Tilt – Mousehole

Link-Tilt Cylinder
3.250” Dia. X 10.3”
Stroke

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1.380” Dia. Rod

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 Link-Tilt – Drilldown

Link-Tilt Cylinder
3.250” Dia. X 10.3”
Stroke

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1.380” Dia. Rod

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 Link-Tilt – Counter Balance

Link-Tilt Cylinder
3.250” Dia. X 10.3”
Stroke

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1.380” Dia. Rod

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 Link-Tilt – Float

Link-Tilt Cylinder
3.250” Dia. X 10.3”
Stroke

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1.380” Dia. Rod

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 Shot Pin Engage and Clamp

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400 PSI

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 Unclamp and Shot Pin Disengage

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 IBOP Actuator Cylinder – Close

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 IBOP Actuator Cylinder – Open

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 Counterbalance Circuit

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To Tank

System
Pressure

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 Stand Jump Circuit

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To Tank

System
Pressure

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 Rig Up Mode

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To Tank

System
Pressure

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 Training Solutions

Appendix

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 Glossary of Terms
API (American Petroleum Institute): a trade organization that represents the interest of the oil and gas
industry. It presents publications concerning recommended practices, standards, and other industry
related information.
CWP: cold working pressure.
IBOP (internal blowout preventer): a valve that is installed into the drill stem. It prevents a blowout

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from happening inside the stem by allowing mud to be pumped in while not allowing any flow back up
the stem.
ID (inside diameter): diameter of the added circle of an internal gear.
IGBT: insulated-gate bipolar transistor.
IO (input/output) systems: refers to the movement of data between an information processing system
(such as a computer), and the outside world (such as a human or another computer). The inputs are
data received by the system, and the outputs are data sent from the system.
MCM: a thousand circular mils. This is an acronym for cable size. The larger the number that follows
MCM, the larger the cable.
MPI (magnetic particle inspection): a method for the detection of defects in iron-containing materials.
It is done by applying a magnetic field or DC current through a particular material. The area of defect
will have a greater magnetic resistance than that of the material around it.
NPT (National Pipe Thread): a United States standard for tapered threads used to join fittings and
pipes.
OD (outside diameter): diameter of the added circle of an external gear.

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 Glossary of Terms (Continued)

PH (pipe handler): used to assist the derrick man and driller to move pipe on the drill floor.
PLC: programmable logic controller: a digital computer used for the controlling of industrial
processes. It is different from an average computer in that it is designed to handle several inputs and
output arrangements, vibration, impact, electrical noise, and lengthened various temperatures.

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Pilot-to-open check valve: pilot piston will hold the check valve open when the pilot port is pressurized.
Pilot-to-close check valve: when the pilot port is pressurized the pilot piston will hold the check valve
closed.
psi (pounds per square inch): a unit of pressure. Psi is the pressure resulting from a one pound-force
applied to an area of one square inch.
RLA (rotating link adapter): supports the weight of the drill string through a set of links that hang from
the adapter.
TIR (total indicated runout): a measure of roundness in the manufacturing/assembly of machine parts.
VAC: voltz AC.
VDC (Varco Driller’s Console): the standard driller’s console used on the AC top drive.
VFD (variable frequency drive): a system that controls the torque of the AC motor by controlling the
frequency of the electrical power supplied to it.

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 Torque Values
Bolts Lubricated with Bolts Lubricated with
Coarse Thread
Light Machine Oil Anti-seize Compound
Series, UNC Grade 5 Grade 5
Threads Min. Max Clamp Min. Max Clamp
Diameter per inch Torque Torque Force Torque Torque Force
(ft lb) (ft lb) (lb) (ft lb) (ft lb) (lb)
1/4 20 7.6 8.4 2020 5.7 6.3 2020

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5/16 18 16 18 3340 12.1 13.4 3340
3/8 16 29 32 4940 21.4 23.6 4490
7/16 14 48 53 6800 36 39 6800
1/2 13 71 79 9050 53 59 9050
9/16 12 105 116 11600 78 87 11600
5/8 11 143 158 14400 107 118 14400
3/4 10 247 273 21300 185 205 21300
7/8 9 409 452 29400 306 339 29400
1 8 608 672 38600 456 504 38600
1 1/8 7 760 840 42300 570 630 42300
1 1/4 7 1064 1176 53800 798 882 53800
1 3/8 6 1387 1533 64100 1040 1150 64100
1 1/2 6 1843 2037 78000 1382 1528 78000
T.S. = 120,000 psi to 1” dia. Proof Strength = 85,000 psi
T.S. = 105,000 psi to 1/8” to 1 ½” dia. Proof Strength = 74,000 psi
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 Torque Values
Bolts Lubricated with Bolts Lubricated with
Fine Thread
Light Machine Oil Anti-seize Compound
Series, UNF Grade 5 Grade 5
Threads Min. Max Clamp Min. Max Clamp
Diameter per inch Torque Torque Force Torque Torque Force
(ft lb) (ft lb) (lb) (ft lb) (ft lb) (lb)
1/4 28 9.5 10.5 2320 7.1 7.9 2320

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5/16 24 18 20 3700 13.5 15.0 3700
3/8 24 33 37 5600 25 28 5600
7/16 20 52 58 7550 39 43 7550
1/2 20 86 95 10700 64 71 10700
9/16 18 114 126 12950 86 95 12950
5/8 18 162 179 16300 121 134 16300
3/4 16 285 315 23800 214 236 23800
7/8 14 447 494 32400 335 370 32400
1 14 665 735 42200 499 551 42200
1 1/8 12 836 924 47500 627 693 47500
1 1/4 12 1178 1302 59600 884 977 59600
1 3/8 12 1596 1764 73000 1197 1323 73000
1 1/2 12 2090 2310 87700 1568 1733 87700
T.S. = 120,000 psi to 1” dia. Proof Strength = 85,000 psi
T.S. = 105,000 psi to 1/8” to 1 ½” dia. Proof Strength = 74,000 psi
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