INTRODUCING

GLOBALIZATION
MODULE 1
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Articulate what makes globalization contemporary

• Identify the conceptions of globalization and its underlying
philosophies
• Identify the definition of globalization that will be adopted for the
course
WHY THIS COURSE?
WHY THIS COURSE?

• Avoid parochialism
• Avoid isolationist mindset
• Avoid apathy/encourage empathy and mutual learning
• What is happening beyond our borders (beyond ASEAN, beyond Asian? North and South?)

• World teaches us more about our own society

• Standard of living, health of our ASEAN neighbors
• Why do we need to abide by global standards in education, tourism, human rights, IP rights, etc?

• Filipinos increasingly interacting with the world

• OFW 4,018 Filipinos per day in 2009, 6,092 in 2015
• Internet, social media, cheaper travel, presence of multinational corporations
COURSE APPROACH

• Globalization
• Inherently interdisciplinary
• Allows us to see contemporary world through a broad lens
• Allows us to examine various globalizing processes
• Forces us to ask questions regarding global citizenship, International Criminal Court (ICC)
membership, implications of trade agreements, foreign debt, etc.
COURSE APPROACH

• During the past 30 years, the

world has witnessed profound
changes in political , economic
and social spheres and
increasingly rapid
technological advances.

• This is often attributed to the

phenomenon of globalization.
OUR CONTEMPORARY WORLD…

• Globalization reaches into every dimension of social life and more deeply than we might imagine into
each of our lives.
• globalization is the phenomenon that influences our choice of clothing, entertainment, hygiene
• events in one country can have repercussions across the world/ do you agree?
• “Globalization is an inescapable phenomenon.”
• How does globalization affect your decisions, goals?
OUR CONTEMPORARY WORLD…

• Globalization is a centuries-old phenomenon of “increasing interactions” gradually involving more

people in more parts of the world (explorations, silk road, colonization)
• contemporary period is significantly different from the past
• every person and society is now “caught” in the same webs of worldwide web
• contemporary social life has grown beyond its societal attachments
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

• “Globalization refers to the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across
world-time and world-space” (Steger, 2010)
• “Transplanetary processes involving (1) increasing liquidity and growing multi - directional flows and (2)
structures they encounter and create (Ritzer, 2011)
• increasing liquidity and growing multidirectional flows
• global connections, shared humanity, cultural identities
• the structures they encounter and create
• trade agreements, global standards, “international courts”
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

• Differentiating globalization from other terms:

• International
• Multi-national
• Transnational
• Supranational
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

• International
• any type of relationship, governmental or
nongovernmental, that involves more than one country
• “international sociological assoc., international journal,
international school, etc.
• treaties: agreements between nations
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

• multi-national and multi-lateral

• forms of internationalism but more restricted in their use
• multi-national: primarily used in reference to corporations
• multi-lateral/ bilateral: headquarters, subsidiaries,
affiliations among two production facilities in governments
different countries like EU, ASEAN
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

• Transnational
• processes or entities that transcend boundaries of
particular countries
• an application of the process or entity beyond
boundaries
• transnational families, transnational identities
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

• Supranational
• usually refers to an organization that has been delegated authority
across those governments
• international group or union in which the power and influence of
member states transcend national boundaries or interests to share in
decision making and vote on issues concerning the collective body.
• The European Union (EU) and the World Trade Organization are both
supranational entities.
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

• Other terms: Global Relations and International Relations

• can be used interchangeably
• International Relations as relations among states, nations, or nation-states;
• nation-states are viewed as the main actors in the world of politics, the relations
among them are called international.
• Global Relations is a “community of economies, governments, political
structures, etc. ostensibly for mutual benefit, giving a platform to learn from
each other’s policies.
SUBJECTIVE DIMENSIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION
• how have we (accdg to literature) experienced globalization
• 1. public perceptions of globalization
• positive attitudes toward globalization
• the diffusion of the concept of globalization in national languages:
• equivalent terms appear in Italian, Spanish, Tagalog (globalisasyon); Thai, etc.
• globalization is a dominant term of our era.
• discussing culture, politics, economics, or the plight of the individual, or of entire
societies,
 DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

• “a set of processes through which the world is becoming 'a single place' (Robertson & Chirico, 1985)
• people feel increasingly connected in many ways so that they feel as if they are part of a single world
• is Syria solely responsible for their problems?
• what is the most important issue for Americans today? why do you know this?
• there are events in one part of the world impact that people living far away with a greater immediacy
(travel ban, closure of tourist sites, labor ban)
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION

Anthropologist Arjun Appadurai’s argument on defining globalization is that there are multiple
globalizations. He has discussed this in terms of five specific “scapes” or flows: ethnoscapes,
technoscapes, ideoscapes, financescapes, and mediascapes.
• Ethnoscapes - the global movement of people
• Technoscapes – the circulation of mechanical goods and software
• Ideoscapes – where political ideas move around
• Financescapes – global circulation of money
• Mediascape – flow of culture
EXPERIENCING GLOBALIZATION

How have you experienced globalization?

• Socialization?
• Consumption?
• Shared experiences?
• Global standardized models?
Why is it crucial to emphasize that globalization is uneven?
What are the challenges with globalization?
EXPERIENCING GLOBALIZATION

• increasing interaction and interdependence increases contention and conflict

• determining who makes the critical decisions on the rules of conduct across political borders
and who oversees accountability
• it is impossible to turn the clock back (close your door?) on globalization; only change
direction (forgo US relations in favor of China, EU to ASEAN)
SUBJECTIVE DIMENSIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION

How have we (accdg to literature) experienced globalization?

• perceiving common humanity media made it possible to perceive
the world as a single place.
• the plight of others in faraway corners of the world
• the impact of events in other countries
• people feel that they belong to something larger than their own
society
SUBJECTIVE DIMENSIONS OF
GLOBALIZATION

• humanity as a category of existence

• movies and books circle the world in seconds.
• Hundreds of millions of people visit the same websites, watch the
same TV channels and laugh at the same jokes.
• globalization brings converging values, or a McDonaldization of the
world.
OBJECTIVE DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION

• material and factual matters--- observable indicators of

globalization
a) Economic
b) Political (policies, governments)
c) Cultural (values, beliefs, norms)
d) Social (education, welfare, HR, etc.)
CONCLUSION

• What makes globalization contemporary?

• Do you agree that globalization is an “inescapable” phenomenon?
• What item/s did you use this morning that is not “global product”?
• What "globalization" keyword do you think would best define our
course "The Contemporary World"? [go to mentimeter and use
voting code: 28 49 58 6)