Density calculations

INTRODUCTION
DENSITY
 The Density is defined as its mass per unit volume.
The symbol used is ρ(rho).

Inputs needed for calculating Density of

Gas
Gas composition (volume fraction)
Temperature

Pressure

Molecular weight of each substance

Formulae:

 Volume fraction = Mole fraction

 Weight = No of moles x molecular weight
 Avg. weight= Σ (Mole fraction x molecular
weight)
 Density,

 One mole of gas (NTP) occupies about 22.414

liters (NTP = 760 mm Hg and 0 deg c)
 Density @ NTP = Avg.mol wt / 22.414 kg/Nm3
 Calculation 1 :
Air Density Calculation

FLSmidth 2010, all rights reserved 4 Lecture 05-13 Theory

 Air Composition

Any gas can be characterized by listing the pure substances

it contains, Air has a composition as given below,

Pure Gas Name Symbol Volume percentage

Nitrogen N2 78.1

Oxygen O2 20.9

Argon Ar 0.93

Carbon Dioxide CO2 0.03

Calculation of ρ for Air Composition:

S.NO Volume fraction MOLES fraction Piece molecular wt Air molecular weight

NITROGEN .781 .781 28.02 21.88

OXYGEN .209 .209 32.00 6.688

Argon 0.0093 0.0093 39.94 0.371

CO2 0.0003 0.0003 44.01 0.0132

Sum (Air) 1.0 1.0 28.95

Calculation 1:
 Avg mol wt = 28.95
 ρ@ NTP = 28.95 / 22.414 = 1.292 kg / Nm3
 ρ@ 42deg C &

8938 mmwg (alt:1162)= 8938 = 10333

 ρ x[273+42] 273x1.292
 ρ@ 42deg C & 8938 mmwg (alt:1162)= 0.9462 kg/m3
 Calculation 2
Exit Gas Composition Density Calculation

FLSmidth 2010, all rights reserved 8 Lecture 05-13 Theory

Exit gas composition :

Substance Mol Wt Mole weight

CO2 44 .167 7.37

N2 28 .7028 19.67

H2O 18 .1278 2.3

SO2 64 .0006 .0384

O2 32 .0012 .0384
Calculation 2 :

 Avg mol wt = 7.37 + 19.67 + 2.3 + .0384

+ .0384

= 29.41
 ρ@ NTP = 29.41 / 22.414

= 1.3124 kg / Nm3
Calculation contd :

 ρ@ 42deg &

8938 mmwg (alt:1162)

8938 = 10333

ρ x [273+42] 273 x 1.3124

 ρ@ 42deg &

8938 mmwg (alt:1162) = 0.9838 kg/m3