Fourier (1)

Yedi George YL
Program Studi Teknik Telekomunikasi
Jurusan Teknik Elektro PNUP
Overview
 History
 Signal representation
 Fourier in electrical engineering
 Fourier Series
 Application in electric circuit analysis

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History
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier was
born on March 21, 1768, in France
He presented his paper about heat
diffusion in 1807. He found series
of harmonically related sinusoids to
be useful in representing the
temperature distribution through
body
But… no one accept his theory…!
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Signal Representation
 A periodic signal can be represented
as sum of sinusoidal waves
 The sinusoidal wave has fundamental
frequency and all waves are
multiplication of that fundamental freq.

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Signal Representation
8

-2

-4

-6

-8
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

Fundamental frequency = 50Hz, n = 1:10

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Signal Representation
500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Signal in frequency domain

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Signal Representation
1.5

0.5

-0.5

-1

-1.5
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1

Fundamental frequency = 50Hz, n = 1:10, amplitude is half of the

previous signal
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Signal Representation
500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Signal in frequency domain, see the amplitude!!

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Fourier in Electrical Engineering

 Power system:
 To analyze the high freq. in the power
line due to non linear load  power factor
and power quality issue

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Fourier in Electrical Engineering

 Electronics
 Image and signal pre processing
 Convolution
 Electric circuit analysis for non DC signal

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Fourier in Electrical Engineering

 Telematics:
 Image and signal pre processing
 Modulation analysis
 Sampling analysis

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Fourier Analysis
 Fourier Series
 Exponential
 Sinusoid
 Fourier Transform
 Discrete-time Fourier Transform
 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
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Fourier Series Exponential

  jnt 
 
f (t )  F e
n  
n
 a 

a  jnt 
1  
with Fn    a 
f (t )e dt
2a  a

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 Fourier Series Sinusoids

a0
f (t )    (an cos(n 0t )  bn sin(n 0t ))
2 n 1
with
T /2 T /2
2 2
an   f (t ) cos(n 0 t )dt
T T / 2
bn   f (t ) sin( n 0 t )dt
T T / 2

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Exercise:
 Get ao, an and bn for square wave
below:
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

 Get ao, an and bn for sawtooth wave

below:
1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Electric Circuit Analysis
 For electric circuit with non DC source,
we can use Fourier analysis to solve
the circuit
 The source should be periodic, then
we will use Fourier series
 Usually, the sinusoid formula is used

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Electric Circuit Analysis

1. Find the ao, an and bn of all sources in

the circuit
2. Find  of the signal (it is expressed in
term of ‘n’) and transform all
components into phasor
representation
3. Get the equation and solve it (the
solutions are in term of ‘n’)

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Example...
R1

V1 10 Ohm

10 V
10 Hz
L1 Calculate the voltage
1.0H
0Deg drop at the inductor!!

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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 Next…

The Fourier Series is discussed and students have to

exercise how to use it.
For the next class, students have to read Fourier
Transform:
• Signals and Systems by A. V. Oppeneim ch 4 and 5, or
• Signals and Linear Systems by Robert A. Gabel ch 5, or
• Sinyal & Sistem (terj) ch 4 and 5

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