State, nation and

globalization
Quarter1-module4
Objectives:
After this lesson you are
expected to:

1. define nation and state;

2. Differentiate nation and states;
3. Explain meanings of globalization; and
4. Evaluate how globalization influences nation-
states
 1. Concept of a State
 State taken from the Latin stare (to
stand) a state is a political community
that occupies a definite territory;
 having an organized government with
the authority to make and enforce laws
without the consent of a higher
authority. It is also defined as a self-
governing political entity.
 “
“A person who never made a
mistake never tried anything
new.”
 Elements of the State

People
Territory
Sovereignty

Government
 People
 the entire body of those citizens of a state who
are invested with political power for political
power for political purposes.
 The number should be neither too small nor too
large.
 It must be sufficient in number to maintain and
perpetuate itself
 Territory
 Refers to the portion of the earth which
composed of aerial (air space above), fluvial
(waters around and connecting the islands of the
archipelago) and the terrestrial (landmass)
domains.
 Sovereignty
Refers to the supreme and absolute power within its
territorial boundaries.
Types of sovereignty:
1. Internal- is the power of the state to rule within its
territory
2. External- is the freedom of the state to carry out its
activities without subjection to or control by other
states.
Government
refers to the institution or agency
or instrumentalities through which
the state maintains social order,
provide public services, and
enforces binding decisions.
International recognition, e.g. by
the UN

Monarchy
monarchy or one in which the
supreme and final authority is
in the hand of a single person
without regard to the source
of his election or the nature
or duration of his tenure.
Monarchies are further
classified into:
1) Absolute monarchy or
one in which the ruler rules
by divine right; and
2) Limited monarchy or one
in which the ruler rules in
accordance with a
constitution;
Forms of government.
A. As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers:
Oligarchy Democracy
It is a government based on
It is the government by the
the consent of the governed.
few. Sometimes a small
The people are the sovereign,
group exercises control,
thus, they hold the highest
especially for corrupt and
political authority. Citizens
selfish purposes. The group
have freedom to criticize their
gets its power from military
leaders because they are the
power, social power, wealth,
one who elected them in the
religion or a combination. In
position. People have high a
here, the citizen has a very
degree of participation in
limited role.
every government processes.
Two types of Democracy:
Indirect democracy or
representative and Direct
democracy
 Forms of Government
As to extent of powers exercised by the
central or national government:

Unitary government Federal government

one in which the control of
national and local affairs is
exercised by the central or
national government.
one in which the powers of
government are divided
between two sets of organs, one
for national affairs and the other
for local affairs. each organ
being supreme within its own
sphere. The United States is a
federal government.

Parliamentary
government
a form of government in
which members of an
executive branch (the
cabinet and its leader - a
prime minister are
nominated to their
positions by a legislature
or parliament, and are
directly responsible to it)
Forms of Government
As to relationship between the executive
and the legislative branches of
the government:
Presidential
government
– a form of government in
which executive branch
exists separately from the
legislature. The president is
constitutionally independent
from the legislature because
they are elected directly by
the people
 Forms of Government
As to legitimacy

De jure De facto
It is a form of It is a form of
government wherein it government supported
has the peoples by the people but no
support and possess constitutional mandate
constitutional or legal support.
mandate. Therefore, it
is a legitimate
government.
 Has space or territory which has internationally
recognized boundaries.
 Has people who live there on an on-going basis.
 Has economic activity and an organized
economy. A country regulates foreign trade and
domestic trade and issues money.
 Has the power of social engineering, such as
education
 Has a transportation system for moving goods or
services.
 Has a government which provided public
services and police power.
 Has sovereignty. No other state should have the
power over the country’s territory.
 Has external recognition. A country has been
“voted into the club” by other countries
Origins of the State
Force Theory

Governments, emerged
when people were brought
Evolution Theory
under the control of some
States evolved from family power. States emerged from
units. The families grew into the conquest of other
a large extended family that families or tribes
heads of the family served as
a government. Eventually Social Contract
evolved into tribal councils - Itexisted during the 17th
with a hierarchy Divine Right Century and the Age of
of authority Enlightenment. People begin
Belief that kings are to challenge the monarchy
chosen to rule the and the idea of Divine Right.
Ancient state by a
deity examples include
Egyptians and Aztecs
 Inherent Powers of the State
Power of Taxation. Police Power
It is the power by which the State
raises revenue to defray the
necessary expenses of the
government.
it is the power of the state for
promoting public welfare by
restraining and regulating the use
of liberty and property.

Power of Eminent Domain.

It is the power of the State to
acquire private property for
Exit full s public purpose upon
payment of just
compensation
Similarities among the three (3) Inherent
powers of the State

01 They are inherent in the state.

They exist independently of
the constitution although the
02 conditions for their exercise
may be prescribed by the
constitution.
Ways by which the State
03 Interfere with private rights
and property.
Legislative in nature
04 and character.
Presuppose an equivalent
05 compensation received, directly or
indirectly, by the persons affected.
Distinction among the Three (3) Inherent powers of the State
Taxation Police power
Scope Plenary, comprehensive, Broader in application.
and supreme General power to make
and implement law.
Effect Contribution becomes No transfer or title.
part of public fund There may just be a
restraint on the
injurious use of
property.
Power of eminent
domain
Merely a power to
take private property
for public use.
There is transfer of
title to property.

Benefits In form of protection No direct and Market value of

received and benefits received immediate benefit but property taken.
from government only such as may raise
from the maintenance
of healthy economic
standard of society.

Amount of No limit Sufficient to cover cost of No imposition. The

imposition the license and the owner is paid
necessary expenses of equivalent to the fair
police surveillance and value of his property.
regulation
Distinction among the Three (3) Inherent
powers of the State
Taxation Police power Power of eminent
domain
Nature Power to enforce Power to make and Power to-take private
contributions to raise implement laws for the property for public
government funds general welfare. purpose with payment
of just compensation

Authority Government only Government only May be granted public

service/utility services
Purpose For the support of the Promotion of general The taking of private
government welfare through property for public
regulation use.
Affected Class of individuals. Class of individuals. As of owner of
Applies to all person, Applies to all person, personal property.
property, and excises property, and excises Only particular
that may be subject that may be subject property is
thereto. thereto. comprehended.
 Concept of Nation
Nation
(Anderson 1991,
Poggi 2008) is the social
construction of a collective
identity. It is an Imagined
political community that is
imagined as both inherently
limited and sovereign.
It is also
defined as a group of
people who share the
same territory,
geography, language,
customs and sometimes
religion.
Distinction between the State and Nation
State Nation
Existed not only at present Modern phenomenon.
but also in the ancient period.
t is legal political. It is racial cultural.

People organized for law People psychologically joined

within a definite territory.
A state must be sovereign.
Inhabited by heterogeneous
groups of People
together with common will to
live together.
People continue as a nation
even if they do not remain
sovereign.
Inhabited by homogenous
groups of people.
Concept of Globalization

also known
as global industrialism
is a process of forging
international political,
economic, religious, and
socio-cultural interconnections.
The concept of sovereign
nation-states is increasingly
being challenged by
globalization
 World Map

USA Europe
19,450000
19,450000

Brasil
19,450000
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Thanks!
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