Vastu Shasta Home Design

as
Energy Efficient Home
Design (EEHD)
in 21st Centuary
 INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION TO SUN
2. WHY SUN IS IMPORTANT?
3. SUN-EARTH-MOON PLANE AND ECLIPSE
4. THE GEOCENTRIC FRAMEWORK
5. CLIMATE ZONE MAP OF INDIA
6. TEN SOLAR PRINCIPLE
7. HOLISTIC APPROACH
8. DWELLING ORIENTATION
9. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #1
10. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #2
11. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #3
12. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #4
13. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #5
14. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #6
15. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #7
16. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #8
17. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #9
18. SOLAR PRINCIPLE #10
 Sun - Star at the center of the Solar
System
• Mean diameter 1.392×106 km - 109 × Earth
• Volume 1.412×1018 km3 - 1,300,000 × Earth
• Mass 1.9891×1030  kg - 333,000 × Earth
• Average density 1.408×103 kg/m3
• Equatorial surface gravity 274.0 m/s2 - 27.94 g 28× Earth
• Escape velocity(from the surface) 617.7 km/s :55×Earth
• Sun constitutes 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System
• Solar System about 225–250 million years to complete one orbit of
the galaxy (a galactic year or cosmic year)
• Sun as a yellow dwarf – max radiation in yellow-green portion of the
spectrum. Sun color is white, from the surface of the Earth it may
appear yellow because of atmospheric scattering of blue light
• The absolute magnitude of the Sun is +4.83
 Why Sun is Important?
• Sun has 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System
• According to Vedic astrology, Sun is the most important among the
nine planets which influences the life of an individual
• The "Matsya Purana" says "Aarogyam Bhashkaradichhet" (Sun is the
giver of good health)
• If improve our relationship sun, our 99.86% issues will be resolved.
• Sun in our life
Home – provide light and heat
Astrology – represents soul
Astronomy - constitutes 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar
System
Solar cycles effects war on earth. 27-day solar rotation, to the 22-
year solar magnetic cycle. Although the sunspot number and the
coronal activity have an eleven-year cycle, the full magnetic cycle
is actually twenty-two years
SUN-EARTH-MOON PLANE AND
ECLIPSE

The Moon's apparent path intersects

the ecliptic obliquely at two points
called the nodes. The point where the
Moon crosses the ecliptic from south
to north is called the Ascending Node
or Rahu. Where it crosses the ecliptic
from north to south is called the
Descending Node or Ketu. Rahu and
Ketu are instrumental in all eclipses
and very important in Jyotish.
THE GEOCENTRIC FRAMEWORK
THE GEOCENTRIC FRAMEWORK
 THE GEOCENTRIC FRAMEWORK
• The earth is a sphere that rotates from west to east around its axis. The
axis of the earth is an imaginary line which connects the north pole
and the south pole, passing through its center.
• The Celestial Sphere is an imaginary projection of the earthly
coordinates of latitude and longitude into space. The Celestial Sphere
has the same components as the terrestrial coordinates.
• The projection of the terrestrial equator into space is called the
celestial equator. Similarly the projection of the meridians of
longitude join the celestial north and south poles of the Celestial
Sphere, and the projections of the small circles of north and south
latitude parallel the celestial equator, just as they do on Earth.
• The declination or longitude of a planet or other object is the angle
between its position and the celestial equator. A planet at the
terrestrial equator is said to possess zero degree declination.
•The declination of a planet thus corresponds exactly with the terrestrial
latitude where it would be exactly overhead.
•The right ascension or latitude of a planet is the angle, measured
eastwards along the celestial equator, from the vernal equinox to the
point where the object’s meridian intersects the celestial equator.
•The equator runs around the middle of the earth, dividing it into
northern and southern hemispheres. The ecliptic, or Sun's path, does
not lie exactly along the equator, but is inclined to it. Half of the Sun’s
path thus lies to the north of the equator, and a half of it to the south of
the equator.
•The Sun crosses the equator twice a year, giving rise to two equinoxes.
The vernal equinox happens around March 21st, when the Sun crosses
the equator on its northerly course. The autumnal equinox occurs
around September 23rd when the Sun is on its southerly course. On
these two days, the Sun is vertically above the equator and the day and
night are of equal duration all over the globe. The declination of the Sun
at equinox is zero, as the terrestrial equator represents zero degrees
latitude
•After vernal equinox, the Sun moves progressively to the north until it
reaches a maximum declination of 23°28'. This occurs around June 21st
and is known as the summer solstice. The northern hemisphere
experiences the longest day and the shortest night of the year on this
occasion, when the Sun is directly above the tropic of Cancer. The
reverse holds true for the southern hemisphere.
•After the autumnal equinox, the Sun pursues a southward course. It
attains a maximum southern declination of 23°28' at the winter solstice
around December 22nd when it is vertically above the tropic of
Capricorn. The northern hemisphere experiences the shortest day and
the longest night of the year on this occasion. The reverse holds true for
the southern hemisphere. The obliquity of the ecliptic to the equator
thus causes the seasons. When it is winter in the northern hemisphere,
it is summer in the southern hemisphere. When it is summer in the
northern hemisphere, it is winter in the southern hemisphere.
CLIMATE ZONE MAP OF INDIA
 CLIMATE ZONE MAP OF INDIA
Classification of climate in respect of building design means zoning the
country into regions in such a way that the difference of climate from
region to region are reflected in the building design, warranting some
special provision for each region. Based on this criteria, there are five
major climatic zones, (i) hot-dry; (ii) warm-humid; (iii) cold; (iv)
temperate; and (v) composite.
Climatic Zone Mean Monthly Mean Monthly
Maximum Relative
Temperature, oC Humidity, %
Hot-Dry above 30 below 55
Warm-Humid above 30 above 55
above 25 above 75
Temperate between 25-30 below 75
Cold below 25 all values
Composite ----- ----
 CLIMATE ZONE MAP OF INDIA
A given station is categorized under a particular zone if its climate
conforms to that zone for six or more months, otherwise it falls under the
composite zone. A map of India depicting various climatic zones is
shown in Figure 1. For example, in Jaipur, it is cold in January,
Temperate during February, November, December, hot-dry during March
to June and October and warm-humid in July to September Since, none
of the climate persists for six months or more, the stations fall in
composite climate zone.
 Ten Solar Principle
• Solar Principle #1- Orient the house property with respect to the
sun’s relationship to the site
• Solar Principle #2 - Design on 12 month basis.
• Solar Principle #3 – Provide effective thermal mass to store free
solar heat in the day time for night time use.
• Solar Principle #4 – Insulate thoroughly and use well sealed vapor
barrier.
• Solar Principle #5 – Utilize windows as solar collectors and cooling
devices.
 Ten Solar Principle
• Solar Principle #6 – Do not overglaze.
• Solar Principle #7- Ovoid over-sizing the backup heating system or
air conditioner.
• Solar Principle #8 – Provide fresh air to the home without
compromising thermal integrity.
• Solar Principle #9 – Use same material you would use for a
conventional home but in that ways that maximize energy efficiency
and solar gain.
• Solar Principle #10- Remember that principles of solar design are
compactable with diverse style of architecture and building
techniques.
HOLISTIC APPROACH
DWELLING ORIENTATION
 INTERNAL ORIENTATION
Internal Orientation

Most frequently used rooms facing

south, least-used rooms facing
north. Living room always facing
south, bathrooms and utility rooms
facing north.
 EXTERNAL BUILDING ORIENTATION
Tall buildings – (Red) on the
south side create unnecessary
overshadowing of the outdoor
space and of the south elevation of
the surrounding buildings.
Placing shorter buildings –
(yellow) on the south and taller
buildings to the north prevents
unnecessary
Overshadowing and allows more
passive solar gain to be achieved.
COMPONENTS OF SOLAR RADIATION
INCIDENT & INTENSITY OF SOLAR ENERGY
SEASONAL SOLAR ANGLES
WHAT IS FULL SUN HOUR?
SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR TILT
SUN EARTH GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIP
SUN EARTH GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIP
SUN EARTH GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIP
SUN EARTH GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIP
The modules have two angle of inclination; the first one, referred to the
horizontal angle is called tilt, while other one, referred to geographical
south is called azimuth.
In order to maximize the collection of solar radiation, the plant of PV
modules must be directed to south if situated in the northern hemisphere
and to the north if situated in the southern hemisphere. This orientation
allows the maximum exposure of the modules’s surface to the sun during
the day.
As for the tilt angle, the situation is different according to the typology
of plant. As an initial data, the angle of tilt can be considered equal to the
latitude of the site which must be optimized. In the case of a plant
connected to the national electric network (grid-connected), the best
inclination will be the one that maximizes the collection of energy during
the year.
In the case of isolated plants (stand alone), the best inclination will be
the one that maximizes the collection of energy in the month with less
sunlight.
Optimum Tilt Angle as a function of
Site latitude
APPARENT DAILY PATH OF SUN
COMPOSITE SOLAR CHART
LAT 10, 20, 30 N
APPARENT MOTION OF SUN
APPARENT PLANE OF MOTION OF SUN
SOLAR PRINCIPLE #1-
ORIENT THE HOUSE PROPERTY WITH RESPECT TO
THE SUN’S RELATIONSHIP TO THE SITE
• Orient the house property with respect to the sun’s relationship to the
site.
• Use a compass to find true south, and then by careful observation site
the house so that it can utilize the sun’s rays from the east, south, and
west during as much of the heating season as possible.
• Take into account features of the land-scape, including tress and
natural land forms, that can buffer the house against harsher weather
or winds from the north in winter, and shade the house from too much
sun in the summer.
SOLAR PRINCIPLE #2-
DESIGN ON 12 MONTH BASIS

• A home must be comfortable in summer as well as winter. When

designing a solar home, carefully plan to accommodate and benefit
from the sun’s shifting patterns and other natural, seasonal cycles.
Before finalizing a building plan, spend time at the site at different
times of the day and year, and pay close attention to the sun, wind,
and weather.
SHADOW DETERMINATION
SHADOW DETERMINATION
SHADOW DETERMINATION
SHADOW DETERMINATION
Solar Principle #3 – Provide effective thermal mass to store
free solar heat in the day time for night time use.
Design the home’s thermal mass to effectively absorb the sun’s free
energy as it enters the building in winter, thereby avoiding overheating.
Achieve thermal balance by sizing the storage capacity of the thermal
mass to provide for the heating needs of the building through the night.
In summer, properly sized thermal mass will serve to cool the building
by providing “thermal lag” – that is, Excess heat will be absorbed during
the daylight hours; by the time the mass has heated up, the day is over
and that stored heat can be discharged by opening windows and
increasing circulation during the night.
Solar Principle #4 – Insulate thoroughly and use well sealed
vapor barrier.
Build tightly constructed, properly
insulated walls and roofs. Contemporary
standards for wall and roof insulation are
very compatible with solar design.

Carefully install and seal discrete (or

“positive”) vapor barriers on the living
space side of walls, ceilings, and/or roofs
to prevent moisture from migrating into
the insulation along with heat, which
tends to travel outward the cooler exterior.
Incorporate an air-lock entrance for
primary doors.
Solar Principle #5 – Utilize windows as solar collectors and
cooling devices.
This idea sounds obvious, but many people overlook the obvious and
spend large amounts of money purchasing, fueling and maintaining
furnaces and air conditioners to address needs that high-quality, operable
windows also can address.

Vertical, south-facing glass is especially effective for collecting solar

heat in the winter, and these windows will let in much less heat in
summer, because the sun’s angle is more horizontal in winter and steeper
in summer. This difference in seasonal angle can be exploited in very
sunny locales by using awnings or overhangs that shade windows from
the steep sun in summer, yet not from winter sun, which will penetrate
further into rooms, supplying solar heat when it’s most needed. Provide
insulated window and patio door covering to decrease nighttime heat
loss in winter, to control solar gain in spring, summer, and fall. Operable
windows can be used to release excess heat and to direct cooling breezes
into the house.
Solar Principle #5 – Utilize windows as solar collectors and
cooling devices.
Solar Principle #6 – Do not overglaze.
Incorporate enough windows to
provide plenty of daylight and to
permit access to cooling-breezes for
cross-ventilation, but do not make the
common mistake of assuming that
solar design requires extraordinary
allocations of wall space to glass.

An overglazed building will

overheat. As emphasized in Principle
#5, locate your windows primarily on
the hoe’s south side, with fewer
windows on the east and west facing
side, and only enough windows on
the dark north side to let in daylight
and fresh air.
Solar Principle #7- Ovoid over-sizing the backup heating
system or air conditioner.
Size the conventional back-up systems to suit the
small, day-to-day heating and cooling needs of the
home. A well- insulated house, with appropriately
sized and located thermal mass and windows, will
need a back-up heating system much smaller than
conventional wisdom might dictate.
Take into account the contribution of solar energy, breezes, and shade to
the heating and cooling of the home. Do not oversize back-up oil, gas, or
electric furnaces, as these units are inefficient, cycling on and off when
not supplying heat at their full potential. Do not oversize air
conditioners, as they are likewise expensive and wasteful when operated
inefficiently.

Remember that a heating and cooling contractor will tend to approach

the problem of sizing from a “worst-case” perspective, and may not have
skills or experience to factor in the contribution of solar energy and other
Solar Principle #8 – Provide fresh air to the home without
compromising thermal integrity.
To maintain high-quality indoor air,
a well-insulated and tightly
constructed home needs a continual
supply of fresh air, equivalent to
replacing no less than two-thirds of
the building’s total volume of air
every hour. This air exchange
should occur through intended
openings (such as exterior-wall
fans) in both the kitchen and
bathroom, rather than through
leakages around poorly sealed
doors and windows.

You should also investigate whole-

house ventilation systems.
Solar Principle #9 – Use same material you would use for a
conventional home but in that ways that maximize energy
efficiency and solar gain.
With exactly the same conventional
construction materials, it is possible to build
either an energy-efficient, sunny, and easy-to-
maintain solar house, or energy-gluttonous,
dark, and costly-to-maintain house.

When designing a solar home, rearrange and

reallocate materials to serve dual functions –
adding solar benefits as well as addressing
architectural or aesthetic goals. Placing a
majority of the home’s windows on the south
side is an example. The carefully designed
and constructed solar home need not cost any
more to build than a comparably sized nosolar
conventional home.
Solar Principle #10- Remember that principles of solar design
are compactable with diverse style of architecture and
building techniques.
Solar homes need not look weird, nor do they require complicated,
expensive, and hard-to-maintain gadgetry to function well and be
comfortable year-round.

In solar design, good planning and sensitivity to the surrounding

environment are far more crucial than special technologies or equipment.

Over thousand of years, many traditional cultures have used the sun and
other natural forces to facilitate year-round heating and cooling.

Ancient examples come readily to mind, including the pueblos of

American Southwest and the rammed earth structures of North Africa
and the Middle East. Build your home in the style you like, but use the
solar principles for siting, glazing, thermal mass, and insulation to get
the greatest possible benefit from free solar energy.
 PASSIVE SOLAR CHECKLIST

Small is beautiful Air-to-air heat exchange

East-West axis Best high-tech windows
South facing glazing available
Overhangs Reduced glazing on north and
North-side earth berming west axis
Thermal mass inside Day lighting
building envelope Invest in any energy-saving
High insulation levels features possible
Radiant barriers in roof Pay attention to the little
Open airways to promote details
internal circulation K.I.S.S. (keep it simple)
Tight construction to
reduce air infiltration
OFF THE BEAT
 LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE OF EARTH
The earth is a sphere that rotates from west to east around its
axis. The axis of the earth is an imaginary line which
connects the north pole and the south pole, passing through
its center. Another imaginary line running around the largest
circumference of the earth, equidistant from its poles, in an
east-west direction is the equator. The terrestrial equator is
considered as the zero degree of latitude. Parallels drawn to
the equator, either north or south of it, indicate the north or
south latitudes, from zero degree at the equator to 90 degrees
at either pole.
Imaginary lines can also be drawn on the surface of the earth connecting the north pole
to the south pole. Encompassing the circumference of the earth, these correspond to the
360 degrees of longitude. They are also known as the terrestrial meridians. At present,
the meridian passing through Greenwich in England is regarded as corresponding
to zero degree of longitude.
The longitudes are marked from zero to 180 degrees east or west of Greenwich. The
coordinates of latitude and the longitude locate places accurately on the surface of the
earth. The 360 degrees of terrestrial longitude represent a time span of 24 hours, or one
complete rotation of the Earth. One hour thus corresponds to 15 degrees of longitude,
or one degree of longitude represents 4 minutes of time.
SOLAR PATHFINDER
OUR SUN IN MILKY WAY
let’s compare our Sun to a few large stars If Betelgeuse took
the place of our

in the heavens Sun its outer

surface would
extend between
the orbit of Mars
and Jupiter.
Antares (Alpha
Scorpii) is also a
red supergiant and
extremely large –
about 700 times
the diameter of
our Sun and one of
the brightest stars
in the heavens.

If you can't read

the small print,
from left it reads as
follows: 'Jupiter is
invisible at this
size'; the 'Sun (1
pixel)' has an arrow
pointing to it; the
three stars noted
below Antares are
Sirius, Pollax &
Arcturus.
 Bibliography
• Gaiam Real Goods solar living sourcebook
By John Schaeffer, Doug Pratt
• Principles of solar engineering By D. Yogi
Goswami, Jan F. Kreider
• Convert Your Home to Solar Energy By
Joseph R. Provey, Everett M. Barber
• Instrumentation in earthquake seismology
By J. Havskov, Gerardo Alguacil
• http://www.susdesign.com/tools.php