Lecture 2:

AIRSIDE
PART 2 By: Zuliana Ismail
Airside Signage
Signage

• Airside guidance signs provide direction and

information to taxiing aircraft and any vehicles
and assist in safe movement of aircraft.
Importance of the Signs

• To show mandatory instructions, information on a specific

location or destination in the aerodrome.
• Characteristics of signs:
• Clear
• Rectangular
• Different colors for each category
• Illuminated (light up)
 guidance signs
Runway distance remaining signs:
Landing distance remaining
Destination signs: To show direction to the
specific destinations (cargo areas,
military areas, international areas, etc.)

Location signs:
To identify aircraft location.

Direction signs: To indicate the intersection

for aircraft turning.

Mandatory signs:
To indicate that aircraft ARE NOT ALLOWED to
enter (runway entrance & critical areas)
guidance signs
1. Mandatory signs 2. Location signs

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guidance signs
3. Direction signs
4. Destination signs

5. Runway distance remaining signs

Sign Indicating
3,000 feet of Runway Remaining 7
Weather Information
Airport WeatherAutomated
Stations
Sensor

• Automated Weather • Automated Surface

Observing Systems (AWOS) Observing Systems (ASOS)
• Every 1 hour
• Every 20 minutes
• Observe weather conditions change rapidly.
• Observes temperature, • Current weather, icing, lightning,, air
pressure.
wind speed & direction,
visibility, cloud coverage.
• Can’t observe sudden
weather change.
Wind Indicators

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Wind Indicators
Guiding pilot to determine the correct runway to use for landing and
take off
Wind Sock Wind Tee

• To Indicate wind direction & speed. • To Indicate wind direction only.

• The stronger the wind, the • To suggest the pilot the runway
straighter the wind sock. to be used
• Move back and forth when the
wind is gusty.
 What are the Importance
of Weather Detector?
• To prevent aircraft accidents.
• To avoid flight delay or cancellations.
• To make management of the air routes more
efficient
• To improve the safety of the aircraft in the air.

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Navigational Aid Systems
Navigational Aid Systems
• There are a number of navigational aids available in
Airports.
• A Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI): helps pilots fly a
perfect approach for landing once they have found the
airport.
• VHF Omni directional range (VOR) to help pilots find the
direction to the airport.
• Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) to determine the
distance to the airport.
• Instrument Landing System(ILS) to find the runway and fly
the correct approach, even if they cannot see the ground.
A Visual Approach Slope Indicator
(VASI):

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 Navigational Aids

Doppler VHF Omnidirectional Range

Station (VOR) Instrument Landing System(ILS)
Airport Classification Codes
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 Airport Classification Codes
Based On Two Elements

Based on AIRCRAFT Type Of

(ARC-Aerodrome Runway
Reference Code) Approach
(NI,NP,P)
Example: 3C NP
Type of approach
Aerodrome reference code
Aerodrome Reference Code

• The aerodromes are coded according to the

physical requirements of the critical aircraft

• The aerodrome facilities must meet physical

requirements of the critical aircraft
 Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC)
 ARC is determined by two factors:
Code number (1,2..,4) to reflect aircraft operating
performance in terms of balanced field length of
runways
• Airplane reference field length (RFL)
Code letter (A, B, ..,F) to reflect the aircraft physical
dimensions
Wing span (WS)

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Aerodrome Reference Code (ARC)
• Airplane reference Field Length (RFL): The
minimum field length required for take-off at
maximum certificated take-off mass.

• Wing Span (WS)= the maximum extent across the

wings of an aircraft

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Wing Span (WS)
 Aerodrome Reference Code

Code element 1 Code element 2

Airplane reference Code Wing span (WS) Code
field length (RFL) number (4) letter
(2) (1) (3)

RFL < 800 m 1 WS < 15 m A

800 m ≤ RFL < 1200 m 2 15 m ≤ WS < 24 m B

1 200 m ≤ RFL < 1800 m 3 24 m ≤ WS < 36 m C

1 800 m ≤ RFL 4 36 m ≤ WS < 52 m
D
52 m ≤ WS < 65 m
E
65 ≤ WS < 80 m
F

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Exercise
What is the airport classification codes
for Boeing 747-400 & Airbus 380 landing
at the Precision type Runway

Boeing 747-400 Airbus A380

RFL=2990m RFL=>3300m
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WS=64.4m WS=79.8m
 Aerodrome Reference Code

N Aircraft Code Code Aerodro

o type Element Element me
1 2 Referenc
e Code
(ARC)
RFL Code WS Code
( m) No. (m) letter
1. ATR 42-200 1010 2 24.6 C ?

2. Fokker: 50 1760 3 29.0 C ?

3. A 320-200 2058 4 33.9 C ?

4. A 340-300 2200 4 60.3 E ?

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Aerodrome Reference Code
AEROPLANE REF ARFL Wingspan
TYPE CODE (m) (m)

Lear Jet 55 3A 1292 13.4

Fokker F28-2000 3B 1646 23.6

Fokker:F27-500 3C 1670 29.0

Airbus A300 B2 3D 1676 44.8

Boeing:
B737-200 4C 2295 28.4
B737-300 4C 2749 28.9
B737-400 4C 2499 28.9

Boeing:
B707-300 4D 3088 44.4
B757-200 4D 2057 38.0
B767-200ER 4D 2743 47.6

Boeing:
B747-300 4E 3292 59.6
B747-400 4E 3383 64.9
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B777-200 4E 2500 60.9