INTEGRATION OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

OBJECTIVES:
• Define exponential functions;
• Illustrate an exponential function;
• Differentiate exponential function from other
transcendental function function ;
• provide correct solutions for problems involving
exponential functions; and
•Apply the properties of exponential functions.
  
Re call : d e u  e u du

Evaluate the integral of each side

   
u u
e du d e

OR

  C
u u
e du e
 EXAMPLE
Evaluate the integral:
1.  e -5x dx
 EXAMPLE
Evaluate the integral:
x e
3  x4
2. dx
 EXAMPLE
Evaluate the integral:
2 x2
e
3.   2x - 3 6 x dx
e
  
Re call : d a u  a u  ln a  du
Evaluate the integral of each side

     
u u
a ln a du d a
 ln a   a u du   d  a u 

 du 
a u 1
ln a  d  a u

1 u
  a C
u
a du
ln a

OR
au
 a du  ln a  C
u
 EXAMPLE
Evaluate the integral:


x4
1. 2 x 3 dx
 EXAMPLE
Evaluate the integral:


4 3 x3
2. x 7 dx
 EXAMPLE
Evaluate the integral:

  2  x3
x2
3. 9 2 x dx
THE BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC INTEGRATION FORMULAS

OBJECTIVES:
• recall and apply the different trigonometric
identities in simplifying a function; and
• integrate trigonometric functions using their
differentials as the basis for evaluation
 
 
 
 
BASIC TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
From the differentials of the trigonometric functions, we derived
the following integration formulas:

1.  sin u du   cos u  C 6.  csc u du  ln csc u  cot u  C

2.  cos u du  sin u  C 7.  sec 2 u du  tan u  C

3.  tan u du  ln secu  C 8.  csc 2 u du  - cot u  C

 tan u du  ln cosu  C 9.  secu tanu du  sec u  C

4.  cot u du  ln sinu  C 10.  cscu cot u du  - csc u  C

5. sec u du  ln sec u  tan u C

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES:
Reciprocal Identities:
1 1
1. sin u  4. csc u 
csc u sin u
1 1
2. cos u  5. sec u 
sec u cos cu
1 1
3.tan u  6. cot u 
csc u tan u

Pythagorean Identities:
1. sin 2 u  cos 2 u  1
2.1  tan 2 u  sec 2 u
3. cot 2 u  1  ccs 2 u
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES:
Double Angle Identities: 1. sin 2u  2 sinu cosu
2. cos 2u  cos 2 u - sin 2 u
 2cos 2 u - 1
 1  2 sin 2 u
2 tan u
3.tan 2u 
1  tan 2 u
Half-Angle Identities:
1
1. cos u   1  cos 2u 
2

2
1
2. sin u   1  cos 2u 
2

2
EXAMPLE
Evaluate the following integral.

1.  e 2 x sin e 2 x dx
EXAMPLE
Evaluate the following integral.
1
cos  
x
5
2.  1
dx
x 2 csc 
x
EXAMPLE
Evaluate the following integral.
cos x  sin x
3.  dx
cos x
2
EXAMPLE
Evaluate the following integral.
1  sin 2 2 x
4. 2
dx
cos 2 x
 INTEGRATION OF
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
 Review
• Recall derivatives of inverse trig functions

d 1 1 du
sin u  , u 1
dx 1  u 2 dx
d 1 1 du
tan u 
dx 1  u 2 dx
d 1 1 du
sec u  , u 1
dx u u 2  1 dx

19
Integrals Using Same Relationships

du u
 a 2  u 2  arcsin a  C When
When given
given
integral
integral problems,
problems,
du 1 u look
look for
for these
these
 a 2  u 2  a arctan a  C patterns
patterns

du 1 u
 u u 2  a 2  a arcsec a  C

20
. If a=1, you have:
du 1
  sin u  C
2
1 u

du 1
 2
 tan uC
1 u

du
 u u 2 1
 sec 1 u  C
 Identifying Patterns
• For each of the integrals below, which inverse trig function is
involved?

4dx dx
 13  16 x 2 x 25 x 2  4

dx
 9 x 2

22
 Warning
• Many integrals look like the inverse trig forms
• Which of the following are of the inverse trig forms?

x dx x dx
 1  x2  1  x2 IfIf they
they are
are not,
not,
how
how are
are they
they
integrated?
integrated?
dx dx
 1  x2  1  x2

23
 Try These
• Look for the pattern or how the expression can be manipulated
into one of the patterns
dx
8dx 
 1  16 x 2 4 x 2  4 x  15

x5

x dx  x  10 x  16
2
dx
1  25 x 2

24
 Completing the Square
• Often a good strategy when quadratic functions are involved in
the integration
dx
 x 2  2 x  10
• Remember … we seek (x – b)2 + c
– Which might give us an integral resulting in the arctan function
 Completing the Square
• Try these
2
dx
2 x 2  4 x  13
2
 x  4x
2
dx
EXAMPLE
Evaluate the following integral.
ds
1.
2  5s 2
EXAMPLE
Evaluate the following integral.
dy
2.
y 16 y 2  9
EXAMPLE
Evaluate the following integral.
xdx
3. 2
x  x 1
EXAMPLE
Evaluate the following integral.

4.
 3x  1 dx
2x  2x  3
2