Lecture 6

RADAR
Part II

By: Zuliana Ismail,201

 Introduction

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Recall Back RADAR Part 1
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• What are the three types of RADAR?
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• What are the differences between PSR and
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• How PSR works?
• How SSR works?
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B-2 Spirit stealth bomber of the U.S Air Force

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WHY ‘STEALTH’ AIRCRAFT
CAN BE INVISIBLE ??

An F-117 Nighthawk stealth strike aircraft F-22 Raptor

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Most conventional aircraft have a rounded

shape. This shape creates a very efficient radar
reflector. Means that no matter where the radar
signal hits the plane, some of the signal gets
reflected back
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B-2 Spirit stealth bomber

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of the U.S Air Force

An F-117 Nighthawk stealth strike aircraft

However, some military aircraft are designed and

constructed to be non-reflective - the so-called
“stealth aircraft”.
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A stealth aircraft is made up of completely flat

surfaces and very sharp edges. When a radar signal
hits a stealth plane, the signal reflects away at an
angle. Surfaces on a stealth aircraft also can absorb
radar energy as well. So, this aircraft become
invisible.
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2. AIRBORNE WEATHER
RADAR (AWR)
 Introduction

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• Airborne Weather Radar (AWR) is used to provide to
provide the pilots about weather ahead.
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• The installation include weather radar antenna
Next located in the nose of the aircraft and weather radar
display inside the cockpit.
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• The radar information can be displayed in

combination with the aircraft route on the EFIS
Navigation Display (ND)
• Weather radar is used for severe weather avoidance
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The antenna is housed in a radome made of composite

materials located in the nose of the aircraft.
 How Airborne Weather Radar Works

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Help • A antenna which sweeps side to side transmits Super

High Frequency (SHF) signals which is 9Ghz
• When hit the reflective objects (precipitation), the
signals is reflected back to the antenna receiver.
• The returns (echo) are displayed to the pilot on the
aircrafts radar screen.
 Precipitation

Home • Weather radar is function

to detect, locate, and
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measure the amount of
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precipitation.
• Precipitation is within or
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falling from cloud.
• It includes rain, snow, ice &
hail.
• Different precipitation has
different reflective levels.
 Airborne Weather Radar Works

Home • The goal of weather radar is to display areas of heavy

precipitation, which generally indicates areas of
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turbulence.
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• Different types of precipitation have different reflective
qualities.
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• Reflectivity of precipitation is directly related to
moisture content.
• Large water droplets show the strongest returns, while
dry hail or snow will show light returns, or no returns at
all.
• Weather radar detects raindrops, not clouds or fog.
 Airborne Weather Radar Works

Home • The precipitation painted (depicted) by airborne

weather radar is not of primary concern,
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however it is representative of areas of severe
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weather.
• Areas of large raindrop size=high rainfall
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rate=intense storm=turbulence.
• The turbulence associated with convective
clouds is often severe and always dangerous.
• Other dangerous factors associated with
thunderstorms are: severe icing, hail, lightning,
strong downdrafts.
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 CAUTION: weather radar emits
harmful radiation, it should not be
operated when people are standing
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within 50 feet of radome or during

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refuelling.
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