EEE 3101

Continuous Signals & Linear System

Convolution Integral
Lecture-14
Amanur Rahman
Lecturer, Dept. of EEE
BAUET
Convolution Integral
Convolution integral used in finding the response y(t) of a system to
an excitation x(t), knowing the system impulse response h(t). This is
achieved through the convolution integral, defined as

Or simply

Where 𝜆 is a dummy variable and asterisk denotes the convolution

Convolution Integral

The convolution process is cumulative

Or

The convolution of two signals consists of time-reversing one of the

signals, shifting it, and multiplying it point by point with the second
signal, and integrating the product
the convolution integral can be simplified if we assume that a system
 

has two properties. First, if for t<0 then

Second , if the system’s impulse response is casual (for t<0 )

 

Then ) =0 for <0 or

Example 15.12
Find the convolution of the two signals 1. Folding
2. Shifting
3. Multiplication
4. Integration

(a) (b)
Example 15.12 (contd.)
1. Folding
(- 𝜆)
 

Fold (t)
  2

-1 0 𝜆
Example 15.12 (contd.)
2. Shifting

(t- 𝜆)
 

2
Shifting (-𝜆) by t
 

t-1 0 t 𝜆
 • Multiply the two functions
Example 15.12 (contd.) • Integrate to determine the area
of the overlapping region
3. Multiplication (𝜆)
 

a) For 0<t<1
1

there is no overlapping region

  0 1 2 3 𝜆
(t- 𝜆)
 

t-1 0 t 𝜆
Example 15.12 (contd.) (𝜆)
 

a) For 1<t<2 1
two signals overlaps between 1 and t

 
0 1 2 3 𝜆
(t- 𝜆)
 

𝒕
 
2
 
¿ 𝟐∗ [ 𝜆
 𝟏 ]

 
¿ 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝟏)
0 t-1 t 𝜆
 Example 15.12 (contd.) (𝜆)
 

b) For 2<t<3 1
two signals overlaps between t-1 and t

 
0 1 2 3 𝜆
(t- 𝜆)
 

𝒕
 
2
 
¿ 𝟐∗ [  𝜆 ]
𝒕 −𝟏
¿𝟐¿  

 
¿ 𝟐 0 t-1 t 𝜆
Example 15.12 (contd.) (𝜆)
 

c) For 3<t<4 1
two signals overlaps between t-1 and 3

 
0 1 2 3 𝜆
(t- 𝜆)
 

 𝟑 2
 
¿ 𝟐∗ [  𝜆 ]
𝒕 −𝟏
¿𝟐¿
 

 
¿ 𝟖 −𝟐 𝒕 0 t-1 t 𝜆
 Example 15.12 (contd.) (𝜆)
 

d) For t>4 1
there is no overlapping region
0 1 2 3 4 𝜆
 
(t- 𝜆)
 

0 t-1 t 𝜆
 Example 15.12 (contd.)
Output
(t)
 

 
0 0≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1

{
𝒚 ( 𝒕 )=
2 𝑡 − 21 ≤𝑡 ≤2
2 2≤ 𝑡 ≤ 3
8− 2 𝑡 3 ≤𝑡 ≤ 4
0𝑡≥ 4
2

0 1 2 3 4 t