GASOLINE AUTOMOBILE

CHARLES DURYEA AND J. FRANK D

GROUP 5
1. IRNA HERAWATI
2. IRDIA SIJABAT
3. IZMA HANA R
4. KEISHA ALBINA
 Report Text
Car or automobile is a vehicle mostly used to carry passengers. It usually has four
wheels and an engine to run those wheels. Generally, a car uses gasoline to run the
engine. The more work a car do, the higher fuel it uses. Usually, a car for loading goods
needs much more fuels than a car for loading regular passengers.
The term automobile comes from the Greek word "auto" and the French word "mobile".
It means that the car moves by itself, remembering at old time horse or cow was
needed to pull a wagon. So a car does not need an external power to move.
Cars nowadays come in various sizes and shapes. However, they are used to carry
passengers and also load some goods to be delivered. Minivan and city cars are used
to carry people, meanwhile, a pickup truck is used to loads builder’s material.
Not only on the size and shape, but also the difference between those cars usually lies
on the engine. The heavier a car works, the more fuels it needs. Also, an engine is
identified by the fuel it uses. A medium car usually uses gasoline to run the engine
meanwhile big truck uses diesel fuel.
Fortunately, nowadays some alternative fuels have been invented and developed such
as propane, natural gas, compressed air, and ethanol. In addition, some revolutionary
researches create an electric car. Thus it only needs chargeable batteries to run the
car. It seems good for the future because it reduces the pollution from the exhaust and
saves more fossil fuels.
General Classification
Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British
English), is a clear petroleum-derived flammable liquid
that is used primarily as a fuel in most spark-ignited
internal combustion engines. It consists mostly of
organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation
of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives.
The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to
resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and
reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured
by its octane rating which is produced in several grades.
Tetraethyl lead and other lead compounds are no longer
used in most areas to increase octane rating (still used
in aviation and auto-racing). Other chemicals are
frequently added to gasoline to improve chemical
stability and performance characteristics, control
corrosiveness and provide fuel system cleaning.
Gasoline may contain oxygen-containing chemicals such
as ethanol, MTBE or ETBE to improve combustion.
General Classification
Gasoline used in internal combustion engines can
have significant effects on the local environment, and is
also a contributor to global human carbon dioxide
emissions. Gasoline can also enter the environment
uncombusted, both as liquid and as vapor, from leakage
and handling during production, transport and delivery
(e.g., from storage tanks, from spills, etc.). As an
example of efforts to control such leakage, many
underground storage tanks are required to have
extensive measures in place to detect and prevent such
leaks. Gasoline contains benzene and other known
carcinogens.
Description
Part Used
Typically gasoline used to fuel
internal combustion engines
for cars, motorbikes, trucks,
boats and other transport
vehicles. Highly refined
gasoline can be used as
aviation fuel, referred to as
aviation gasoline (avgas).
 Description
Function
The fuel system in automotive
engineering is a system that
functions to store fuel safely,
deliver fuel to the engine and
ignite the fuel so that it is
mixed with air.
Benefit
Gasoline powered automobiles take
advantage of a modern infrastructure
built for their presence. With gas stations
and auto repair shops around every
corner, owning a gas car is both
convenient and easy. Gasoline cars are
great for saving money on the upfront
cost of purchasing a vehicle. Even with
government rebates on electric vehicles,
the cheapest gasoline powered economy
cars are thousands of dollars more
affordable. When it comes to refueling
and range, gas cars have a clear
advantage. Most electric cars can’t travel
more than 150 miles at a time, and they
can take up to 8 hours to recharge.
Gasoline vehicles can have a range of
400 miles or more, and they can be
refueled in only a few minutes.
History
Charles Duryea entered the rapidly growing bicycle
business and displayed a marked inventive talent. In 1886 at
the Ohio state fair, he saw a stationary gasoline engine that
seemed to him to be sufficiently compact to power a carriage
or a wagon. By 1891 he had completed a design, and, with his
brother Frank, he then constructed a car and engine in a
rented loft in Springfield, Massachusetts. In later years a
controversy marred relations between the brothers: Charles
claimed that the model was completed to an operable state
under his guidance, while Frank asserted that he perfected the
engine and transmission while Charles was in Illinois. In any
case the car made a successful run in the streets of
Springfield on September 22, 1893.
History
An improved version, largely the work of Frank Duryea,
appeared in 1895 and won several races. Thirteen copies of it
were manufactured and sold, but the company failed, and the
brothers went separate ways. Charles made a number of
vehicles, some three-wheeled, and Frank developed the
Stevens-Duryea, one of the best known of the early standard
makes, a high-priced limousine that continued in production
into the 1920s.
 Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun
 It usually has four wheels  The more work a car do,
and an engine to run those the higher fuel it uses.
wheels (paragraph 1) (paragraph 1)
 However, they are used to
carry passengers and also
load some goods to be
delivered (paragraph 3)
 It seems good for the future
because it reduces the
pollution from the exhaust
and saves more fossil fuels.
(paragraph 5)
 Simple Present Past Tense
There is no answer from the  remembering at old time
text horse or cow was needed
to pull a wagon (paragraph
2)
 Conjunction Passive Sentence
 Cars nowadays come in  Fortunately, nowadays
various sizes and shapes some alternative fuels have
(paragraph 3) been invented and
 Not only on the size and developed such as
shape, but also the propane, natural gas,
difference between those compressed air, and
cars usually lies on the ethanol (paragraph 5)
engine (paragraph 4)
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION