Overview of Language

Policy and Understanding

the Language
Module 1
 Let’s Talk!

What is your L1?

 An L1 is your first
01 language, your native
language, or your mother
tongue.
 You are a native speaker
of that language.
 Let’s Talk!

What is your L2?

 An L2 is a second language;
02
a target language
 Let’s Talk!

Do you have an L3?

 An L3 is a third language

 According to researcher Jasone

Cenoz, a third language is “a
language that is different from
the first and the second and is
acquired after them.” (Cenoz
2013, p. 3)
 Language
Planning and
Policy

Lesson 1
• Language is an asset and a primary
instrument of human communication.

• It gives a sense of identity to an

individual as well as a social group.

• However, language can also become a

problem and a barrier to
communication, which necessitates
language planning
 What is
Language
Planning?
 Language Planning
• All conscious efforts that aim at
changing the linguistic behavior of a
speech community. (Haugen, 1966)

• Language planning occurs in most

countries by their relevant
governments wherein they have more
than one language within the
community.
 What is
Language
Policy?
 Language Policy

• It refers to the more general

linguistic, political and social
goals underlying the actual
language planning process.
 In short, "language policy" is
the expression of the
ideological orientations and
views, and "language
planning" is the actual
proposal that makes up their
implementation
4 Stages of
Language
Planning
(Haugen, 1966)
 Selection

Codification

Implementation

Elaboration
4 Stages of Language Planning
1. Selection

 The term used to refer to the

choice of a language variety to
fulfill certain functions in a given
society.
 4 Stages of Language Planning
2. Codification
 The creation of a linguistic standard or
norm for a selected linguistic code.

 It is divided up into three stages:

-Graphization
-Grammaticalization
-Lexicalization
Three Stages of Codification

1) Graphization – developing a writing system.

2)Grammaticalization – deciding on
rules/norms of grammar

3) Lexicalization – identifying the vocabulary

4 Stages of Language Planning
3. Implementation (Acceptance)

 Promoting of the decisions made in the

stages of selection and codification
which can include marketing strategy,
production of books, pamphlets,
newspapers, and textbooks using the
new codified standard.
4 Stages of Language Planning
4. Elaboration

 It refers to the terminology and stylistic

development of a codified language to
meet the communicative demands of
modern life and technology.

 Its main area is the production and

dissemination of new terms.
 2 Major
Levels of
Language
Planning

Heinz Kloss (1967, 1969)

 2 Major Levels of Language Planning
Status Planning Corpus Planning

 refers to the social  refers to changes or

and political standardizing of
position a language certain elements of
will be assigned the language, e.g.
lexicon and
 Selection (1) and orthography
Implementation (3)
(Haugen, 1990)  Codification (2) and
Elaboration (4)
(Haugen, 1990)
Thanks!
Any questions?