SAD Lecture

System, Subsystem, Characteristics, Components and its types

System
• It is a linear collection or sequential collection of subsystem / components
that work together to achieve a specific goal by accepting input, processing
and generating output.

Input Processing Output

• Example
a) Computer is a system with components keyboard, mouse etc.
b) Accounting is a system with journals,ledgers to record financial
transactions.
Subsystem
• Subsystem is a part of system.
• Each system is composed of different subsystems.
• Each subsystem have their own boundaries.
• Interconnection between subsystems are known as interfaces.
Characteristics of System
1. Organization(structure or order)
It is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve objective.
Example
In business system design,
hierarchical relationships
starting from CEO to the
workers represent the
Organizational structure.
Characteristics
2. Interaction
Manner in which each component functions with other components of
the system.
E.g purchase must interact with production, advertising with sales etc.

3. Interdependence
Parts of system that depends on one another. They are linked and
coordinated according to a plan.
User
requirement System Analysis Programming Operations
Characteristics
4. Integration
Integration is concerned with how a system is tied together. Parts of
system work together even though each part performs a unique
function.

5. Central Objective
Every system has a purpose or objective.
E.g increasing the sales of specific product is the objective of
advertisement system.
Components of System
• Input
• Output
• Processor
• Control
• Feedback
• Environment
• Boundaries & Interface