NOUN

CLAUSE
 A
NOUN CLAUSE
is a group
of words with a
subject
and a verb
WHO WHOM WHEN
WHICH HOW
WHERE
IF WHY THAT
WHAT WHETHER

WHOEVER WHEREVER
WHICHEVER HOWEVER
WHOMEVER WHATEVE
WHENEVER R
YOU CAN RECOGNIZE A NOUN
CLAUSE BY ONE OF THE
RELATIVE PRONOUNS OR
ADVERBS THAT
begin with the clause
 A NOUN CLAUSE
CONSISTS OF THREE
COMPONENTS:
A relative pronoun or
adverb
A subject
A verb
Noun clauses function like nouns.
They can be:

• subject
• subject complement
object
• object of prepositions
 USES OF NOUN
CLAUSES
 After some verbs and adjectives
 To include a question in a
statement (embedded questions)
 To report what someone has said
or asked
 NOUN CLAUSES CAN FOLLOW
CERTAIN VERBS AND ADJECTIVES
THAT EXPRESS MENTAL
ACTIVITIES
 Agre notic afrai positiv
 e
Believe realize
e d
angry esorry
 Decide remembe aware surprise
 Doubt r see certain d sure
 Feel show clear worried
 Forget suppose convince
 Guess think d
 Hear understan disappoin
glad
 Hope d wonder ted
happy
 Imagin say please
 e tell d
sa
Know d
 TO INCLUDE A
QUESTION IN A
STATEMENT
I don’t know what time it is.
I wonder how he found out.
 •To report what someone
has said or
asked
He said that he would
return.
He asked me what I
wanted
There are three types of
Noun Clauses:

noun clauses with that

noun clauses with WH-word
noun clauses with if and
whether
Noun clauses with THAT can be used
with all verbs mentioned except
wonder

I think that this book will

be interesting.

The word that can often be omitted.

However it can not be omitted if it
is in the subject position
The fact that is used as the
object of the preposition

We are curious about the

fact that she is here today.
Noun clauses with Wh-words They
have statement word order, even
when they occur within questions
Wh + subject + verb

I don’t know what he is doing I

wonder how he feels today.
Where I put my book is a mystery.
In conversation, noun clauses can
be replaced by so after
think
hope
believe
suppose
expect
know
 NOUN CLAUSES WITH
IF/WHETHER ARE OFTEN
FOLLOWED BY OR NOT.
They are often used in statements
that express uncertainty
Noun clauses after verbs that
show importance or urgency:

advise forbid recommend

ask insist require
beg order suggest
urge reques demand
t
Some expressions that show
importance or urgency:

It is advisable
It is essential
It is
imperative It
is important
It is necessary
After verbs that show importance
or urgency, the base form is used.

Use the subject pronoun before a

base form.

For negatives, put not before

the base form
It is essential that babies have
stimulation.

I advise that she stay home with

her children.
 DIRECT (QUOTED)
SPEECH VS
INDIRECT
(REPORTED) SPEECH

Direct speech Indirect speech

Simple present ----------------Simple past

Present progressive----------- Past progressive
Simple past--------------------- Past perfect
Present perfect----------------- Past perfect
 DIRECT (QUOTED)
SPEECH
States the exact words a speaker
used.In writing, use quotation marks.
John said, “ I love this class.”
 INDIRECT
(REPORTE
D) SPEECH
Reports what a speaker said without
using the exact words. There are no
quotation marks.
John said that he loved this class.
THE REPORTING VERBS
SAY AND TELL ARE
USUALLY IN THE SIMPLE
PAST FOR BOTH DIRECT
AND INDIRECT SPEECH.
He said, “It’s great.”
He said it was great
“I’m leaving.”
She said she was
leaving
“I made it.”
He said that he had
made it.
He said to her, “I’ve never lied.”
Remember to change pronouns, time
and place expressions this and here
in indirect speech to keep the
speaker’s original meaning.

Ann told Rick, “I bought this

dress here.”
Ann told Rick that she had
bought that dress there.
He  He told me
said:
“I’ll leave now.” He would leave then.
(that)
“I’m going to He was going to
“Traffic may be
drive” Traffic may be
drive
bad” “She might bad she might
move.” “He can move he could
help.” “They have help They had to
to stay.” stay
I must be
“You must be careful
careful.”
 Some Modals change forms
can – could
may –might
will –
would
have to, must – had to
could, might, should, would, ought
to, and had better do not
change form
“Are you bringing any fruit into
the country?”
The customs officer asked the
tourists if they were bringing
any fruit into the country.

“Do you have your transcripts

with you?”
The registrar asked me if I had
my transcripts with me.
 “Can you fix my car?”
I asked the mechanic if he could fix
my car.

“Did you see the accident?”

The police officer asked me if I had
seen the accident.
 “WHAT DO YOU WANT TO
BE WHEN YOU
GROW UP?”

My first grade teacher asked me

what I wanted to be when I grew
up.
Reported commands and requests

Commands and requests are

reported using infinitives, not noun
clauses

“Bring the book!”

She told me to bring the book.
THANK YOU SO MUCH!