FURNITURE DESIGN

Dustbin
INTRODUCTION :

Imagine a world without the garbage can—for many centuries, people did without them. Before the cans and bins we know and love became
household items, trash was thrown into the streets, buried in holes, and even dumped into bodies of water. Clearly, for the purposes of improving sanitation, odor,
and more, there needed to be a better way to dispose of waste.
EARLY TIMES -
• The garbage of the ancients was very different from today’s trash. In early human history, waste was mostly ash from wood, bones, and vegetable waste.
• The edible portions of it were used to feed animals, and what remained was put in the ground to decompose.
• Which means early civilizations reused and repaired what they could, rather than dumping it.
• Other strategies were employed to dispose of waste.
• Large dump sites were used to deal with excessive garbage that couldn’t be reused or given to animals.
• To cope with a growing population’s garbage, the Romans devised the first sanitation force.
• This consisted of teams of two men walking along streets to pick up and toss garbage into a wagon that transported it to a remote site.
MIDDLE AGES -
• A common practice during the Middle Ages in Europe was throwing trash into the streets.
• When it piled up, this garbage caused a terrible stench, harbored rats and other pests, contaminated water supplies,
and facilitated the spread of diseases like the infamous black plague.
• Recognizing the dire need to prevent such unsanitary conditions, Britain passed a law that mandated clean front
yards.
• Unfortunately, this law was not upheld with any real effort and most garbage continued to be either burned outside in
fires or left near houses and in streets. 1354.
• King Edward III ordered English rakers to rake all refuse from streets and alleys and remove it once a week.
• These men were early versions of today’s garbage men.
• With the waste they collected, the rakers often drove their cartloads to the Thames or Fleet Rivers to dump them.
• Wagons and carts like those of the rakers soon became common for carrying trash out to bury in large holes and
unload into rivers and oceans.
• The English Parliament banned dumping waste in public waterways and ditches.
• Britain passed a law declaring that waste must be stored inside until rakers remove it.
• At first, the bins were made of metal, wood, or even buckets people had lying around.
• The bin is the point at which waste exits the private world of the household and enters the public domain. Bins are therefore doubly structured being bound into
public and private sectors at one and the same time.
• It is important to acknowledge the shifting economic values of "scrap", what is rubbish in one context can have real economic value in another, with rubbish
definitions and associated economics being astonishingly malleable.
• In any event, the valuing of things sets the scene in which rubbish is defined and in which the bin acquires its specific contents. The valuing of novelty and the
valuing of durability are also relevant for they influence the rate at which items defined as rubbish flow into the bin.
• For instance, computers consigned to the dustbin in the UK are valued in Dutch schools, where newness is not so highly prized. A parallel feature is the durability
of things themselves and the social and technical rate of, now often planned, obsolescence.
• What goes into the household bin and what stays out also depends on the range of disposal options available and the time and effort people invest in finding new
homes or uses for things they no longer need or want.
• Waste sorting is the process by which waste is separated into different elements. Waste sorting can occur manually at the household and collected through curbside
collection schemes, or automatically separated in materials recovery facilities or mechanical biological treatment systems. Hand sorting was the first method used
in the history of waste sorting.
• The following categories are common of wastes :
Paper
Cardboard (including packaging for return to suppliers)
Glass (clear, tinted – no light bulbs or window panes, which belong with residual waste)
Plastics
Textiles
Wood, leather, rubber
Scrap metal
Compost
Special/hazardous waste
Residual waste
THE DUSTBIN SIZE :
The height of dustbin is lower than the half height when people stand up and rise hands up. Based on this, the height of dustbin should be 800-
1000mm

Standing position hands function height reference diagram

DESIGN FACTORS :

• Along the top of the bin there should be a reinforced rim and handles, making it easy to lift, empty and hang off of the side of the truck.
• This area is subject to the most handling during household use and curbside collection, so in order to increase the durability and reduce point of stress on the
container, the handles and rim should be reinforced and rounded. Rounding the edges reduces the stress points where designs will most likely crack, fold or buckle.
• Designs that have rounded edges, rims and handles will be less likely to undergo cracking and failure after repeated use under varying temperatures.
• The same design strategy should be used for the bottom and the corners of the recycle bin. 
• Reinforcements can also be applied to the bottom and top of the bin to increase the strength of the recycle bin design.
• These reinforcements are commonly called “ribs”. Adding ribs to a design creates a point of reinforcement for areas of a design that may see the most contact or
use.
• When it comes to picking up a dustbin, you need to pick the kind of dustbin that can be easily cleaned, moved and keeps the environment extremely clean and
promoted hygiene, because that is the exact job of it.

PLACING THE DUSTBIN:

• The selection of the size and type of dustbin should also be influenced by the spot you are going to place the dustbin at.
• the location of recycling receptacles is a critical factor in affecting the level of recycling receptacle usage.
• The distance between the consecutive dustbins is also an influential factor when the aim is to make people use the dustbins for waste disposal.
Classification of expected solid waste as per different buildings Solutions

General issues
TYPES OF DUSTBINS: BIN SHAPE –
Ash bin Push bin Pole hanging bin Wheelie bin According to a survey, round bins are most
often identified as “trash.”
• More than half of survey respondents identified a
round bin as one designated for garbage.
• The rectangular shaped bin was most frequently
identified as a recycling bin.
COLOR –
Colors can be used to communicate the
intended use of a bin

Swing bin Pedal bin Pole hanging bin with slide

COMPONENTS –
• Perforations – retards anaerobic decay of waste – foul smell
• Slide – prevents outflow of waste, pickup of harmful waste by birds
• Pole for hanging bins - raises the bins off the ground and attach them
firmly to a post to stop dogs and other animals knocking rubbish bins
over to get to the food scraps , easy visibility and dropping of waste.
• Sheltered Pole hanging bin – shelter is provided to prevent entry of
water that accelerates decay of the waste.
LIMITATIONS (for usage in streetscape elements)–
Perforated bin Trio recycle bin Sheltered Pole hanging bin • Slide – Bin’s efficiency reduces as people don’t prefer much to use this
type of bin if its not clean and well maintained.
• Pedal bin, trio recycle bin – capacity limitation - Design of the bin

Usage type for ease of garbage collection

• Pole hanging bin – chances of spilling of waste around when it’s full and
birds
picking harmful waste.
WASTE MANAGEMENT (SORTING OF WASTE) :

• For materials to be actually recycled, they first need to find their way to the right waste stream to be collected and taken to the right place for recycling.
• This is what the process of waste sorting allows us to do.
• Effective segregation of wastes means that less waste goes to landfill which makes it cheaper and better for people and the environment.
• The materials which can be recycled range from paper and cardboard, to various plastic and metal containers, to things like batteries or electronics.
• Each type of waste needs to be sorted differently and disposed of in a certain way, depending on where you live and on the recycling rules of the region.
• An incredible benefit of waste management is it can cut overall production costs in the long run.
• Recycling helps to conserve natural resources such as glass, plastic, paper and oil.
• Segregated waste is also often cheaper to dispose of because it does not require as much manual or mechanical sorting as mixed waste. 
• Reusing these materials will place less strain on our natural resources and lower the cost of production. 
•  It preserves the environment.
PROTOTYPES
 WOOD
ADVANTAGES:
● Wood can create a balance between aesthetic appeal, comfort and a sustainable solution for your outdoor area.
● Wood is, of course, a long-lasting and robust material
● Wood has wide-ranging colour spectrum, and the fascinating patterns of grains and fibers. Wood can also immediately bring warmth to
otherwise sterile surroundings.
● When responsibly sourced and certified, wood represents an excellent option for sustainability
● Unlike many other materials, wood looks good in pretty much any setting.
● Wood can be a part of any design scheme, be it modern or rustic, and different species will blend together tastefully

DISADVANTAGES:
● Wood is vulnerable to water. Moisture can damage wood finishes and soak into the wood underneath causing it to split and swell.
● Ultraviolet light can change wood’s color and damage its surface. In a way that’s similar to the effect sunlight has on skin, sunlight
can break apart chemical bonds in wood and cause the surface to change colors.
● Finishes can be scratched or damaged by sharp objects.
MAINTENANCE:
1. Polishing & conditioning required regularly.
2. Cleaning of wooden furniture needs special care, protecting it from getting any scratches, stains, etc
3. Protection needed from the water & other environmental factors, insects & rodents, etc.
PROTOTYPE:
● French designer Amaury Poudray has designed this waste-paper bin to be burnt with its contents for design brand Fabrica.
● Called Corbeille, meaning basket, the piece can be slotted together by the user without any screws or nails.
● When full it can be turned upside down and burnt in the garden, disposing of both the waste-paper and the bin itself.
● When the bin is full of paper, it is great to take your trash out, flip it and burn it.
● All the assembling part are in wood (no screws) all is burning and disappear
● Corbeille is a bin for papers that you can reverse outside. It becomes a fireplace. All your accumulated papers makes it easier to
start a fire at night.
● To build it, you don't use any screws, only wooden sticks, after burning it, everything has disappeared.
 CARDBOARD
• Rigid, durable corrugated cardboard is an excellent tool for more than just innovative packaging- and display solutions. It has also proven fantastically adept as
sustainable and reusable packaging for applications such as rubbish bins. Separation of materials is an important part of the recycling concept.
• Digitally printed rubbish bins from THIMM support the green movement by promoting greater awareness of the need for waste separation. The corrugated
cardboard bins offer an environmentally friendly option for households, companies, schools, government agencies and a wide range of public and private events.
Cutting edge digital printing technology makes it possible to print the bins flexibly at any time. In this way, each bins can be customized for the specific target
audience, or even produced in limited editions.
• The bins are designed for notably easy setup- and breakdown, and when folded flat require very little storage space. The bin is conceived without need for any
outside materials such as extra tape on its base. Carrying handles are built in to the sides of the bin for easier handling and transport.
• Waste sorting bins made from environmentally friendly and fully recyclable material are appreciated by everyone who knows how important it is to sort waste.
Waste sorting bins are made from solid and durable corrugated cardboard, so they can be used not only in homes, businesses, schools, offices, but also at various
events. 
• Since the waste sorting bins are printed with digital printing, printing blocks are not required for their production, and customers can change the design of their bin
at any time to their current needs. Changes to print patterns are very fast and each bin can be different. In addition, the waste sorting bins are complemented with
lids that differentiate the bins from each other according to the type of waste.
Benefits of waste sorting bins :
• The bins are made of 100% recyclable material that is solid and durable
• Sophisticated bottom construction, thanks to which it is not necessary to glue the bottom with adhesive tape
• Simple and quick distribution and composition of waste sorting bins ensures easy handling and Transport
• Thanks to digital printing, each waste sorting bin can be different, or limited editions can be made easily
• The waste sorting bins can be easily used in homes, schools, businesses, offices or sports, cultural or social events
Bow Bins by Cordula Kehrer

• These half-plastic, half-wicker waste paper bins by German designer

• This project, which combines hand-woven natural wickerwork and colourful plastic
• the role of the hand-made, and the place of craft-based cultures in a globalised economy.

Cleanoscope by Mumbai-based designers Nishant Jethi and Aalap Deasi

• Dubbed the Cleanoscope, the eco-friendly bin shows that "cleanliness creates
beauty" by making waste disposal a creative act rather than a dull task.
Rubbish bins by Benjamin Cullis Watson's
• Eight grips, four on the top and four on the bottom, are adhered to the canister so that it can be lifted from any angle and easily flipped over to dump out its
contents.
• Color-coded lids printed with bold white text identify the difference between different waste; landfill refuse is marked by a black lid, while recycling bins are
topped with a blue lid.
Designer: Art Lebedev Studio
The latest from city park accessory master Art Lebedev, the Urnus-14 design is a compact and easy-to-service trash can. The stark metal structure is
barely-there compared to other monolithic garbage bin designs but depending on color of the trash bag used, it can also stand out.
It’s also easier to reset by maintenance personnel. A built-in rubber band holds the bag rim in place, ensuring it doesn’t slip out of the grooved holder.
One perk is that it doesn’t require additional cleaning – only removal of the bag.
I’m not sure how well it will contain items from outdoor critters, or how much people will enjoy visible garbage bags, but as far as being expertly
minimalist goes
Flexibin
Billed as the “lightest and thinnest” garbage can in the world, the Flexibin is made from a single piece of thin metal molded to form the basic contour of a trashcan.
It’s a perfect choice for anyone with a minimalist design sense.
There are many theories as to what would stop people from littering. A survey is conducted to find out people’s view about the same

Questionnaire statistics:

• 75% people have problems with the current system of dustbins used.

• 82.14% people preferred closed dustbin with a movable lid.

• 85.71% people considered that the implementation of a feedback system would make the dustbins more efficient.

• 82.36% people considered that imposition of rules and regulations could help in minimizing the problem of littering.

• According to 75% people, human mindset is the reason for less frequent usage of dustbins.

• 80% of people feel that trash around the dustbin is one of the major problems.

From the survey it was concluded a design that would attract people and also reduce the trash spread around the dustbin is preferred to the existing one.
Concept 1:

A circular disc is having a sliding contact with the outer wall of the dustbin. The disc has some inclination. The missed waste falls into the disc and gets
collected. The disc is lifted up every half an hour to push the collected waste into the dustbin.

Concept 2:

Sweeping blades are provided at the vicinity of the dustbin. These sweep the waste near the dustbin which is then sucked by the vacuum cleaner attached to
the bin.

Concept 3:

A dart board is installed in the dustbin. This board persuades a person to aim the waste at the circles printed on it. Hence most of the waste will fall into it. An
inclined circular disk is placed. The waste which fall down from the bin is collected in the disc and go inside the dustbin from the slots provided on the body
of the bin. The main bin is placed separately for easy cleaning.
Body of the bin:
Selection: It is the crucial part of the bin in which all the waste is collected.
Allocation: It is the main supporting part which will be placed on the ground.
Interface: All the other components are in direct contact with this part.
Dartboard:
Selection: It is placed in order to attract people for efficient use of dustbin.
Allocation: It is placed in inclined position inside the dustbin at the opening.
Interface: It is in direct contact with the sensing circuit and the main body.
Support for Dartboard:
Selection: It is required to give support to the dartboard.
Allocation: Axially connected to the frame through the centre of the dartboard.
Interface: Directly connected to the dartboard and the main body.
Sensing Circuit:
Selection: To sense the position at which the dart board is hit and send a suitable signal to the output circuit.
Allocation: Directly connected to the dart board.
Interface: In interface with the dartboard and the output circuit.
Audio output circuit:
Selection: To provide appropriate audio feedback based on the input signal received from the sensing circuit.
Allocation: Directly connected to sensing circuit output.
Interface: Connected to Dart board and placed inside the main body.
Frustum Cap :
Selection: To prevent waste from falling outside the dustbin.
Allocation: Placed around the dustbin (connected to the bin directly) towards the opening.
Interface: Connected directly to the bin and covers the slotted sections in an inclined position.
Collecting Bin:
Selection: It is the actual bin where the trash is accumulated.
Allocation : It is placed in the section provided in the outer body of the bin.
Interface: It is directly placed inside section provided in the outer body .
Hard cardboard cylinder: It has been used in the fabrication of the outer covering as well as the collecting bin of the dustbin. It was collected from a
local scrap dealer.

: It has been used in the fabrication of the secondary system which was bought from the market.

Ply: It has been used as the base of the collecting bin as well as the outer covering of the dustbin.

Fiber Sheet: A fiber sheet of thickness around 2 mm has been used in the fabrication of the dart board.

Arduino 328: It is a microcontroller which acts as the soul of entire electronic circuit. It has been used to generate appropriate signals based on the
region of the dartboard hit by the user, thus providing the user with a suitable feedback.

Laser Lights: The laser lights were bought from the market and have been used in the construction of the sensor circuit.

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): This component was bought from the market as well and has been used in the construction of the sensor circuit.

Feedback circuit components: This circuit is comprised of Leds and 8 ohm speaker.

Other electronic components: Other electronic components include jumper wires, connecting wires, batteries.
The attraction for people was designed and
conceptualized with the implementation of the
concept of “Dart Game” into the dustbin. The
very concept of “Dart Game” was only taken or
thought because as surveyed, in today’s world of
rush and hurry, first of all, hardly some people
make proper use of dustbins and even if they do
or remaining others try to do, they do not have
the time or rather do not care so much to reach
out for it and dispose of the waste properly. All
they are seen and observed doing is aiming for
the dustbin or rather throwing the garbage
towards it without caring even a bit if it went
well inside or just fell somewhere around it. So,
this concept of “Dart Game” attracts the user to
aim right inside the dustbin and the interactive
feedback system providing suitable feedbacks to
him/her as per his/her performance of throwing
off or disposing the waste evokes him/her for its
judicious use.
SOLAR DUSTBIN

An aspiring engineer, the Chennai resident has designed a 35 kg-public dustbin, which has three modules — a solar trash crusher, a level communicator and
a solar street light.

It crushes the garbage, allowing maximum capacity usage. Once it is full, it sends a message to the nearby dump yard to clean it, so there is no overflowing
of garbage. It also features a Wi-Fi system and a CCTV camera

WRAPPER PICKER

This motorised device picks up littler and collects it in a storage bin.

STAINLESS STEEL DUSTBINS

To change the lining, janitors bend repetitively and must do forcefull extension which may cause lumber damage

No signifier for when the in is full or where to put in the garbage from.

No provision to move the bins around, so, janitors drag it across the floor making a screeching sound.

No provision to hold it from top and bottom.

Controlling the smell of dustbins

It makes a person feel angry, disgusted and there should not be any unpleasant sound from dragging of the bin so a design that allows comfortable lifting of
the bin works well.
Multipurpose Smart Street Bin describes the scope of work of “Smart Bins” in managing the waste collection system for an
entire city. The network of sensors enabled smart bins connected through the cellular network generates a large amount of
data, which is further analyzed and visualized at real time to gain insights about the status of waste around the city. The scope
for the future work of this system can be implement on various places like Bus stop, Railway stations etc. As shown in below
figure it will display the Backside street information sticker, there will be a facilties like Wi-Fi Hotspot, CCTV, LED
Signboard and the BioEnable Smartbin sensor inside the dustbin. Below are the listed features applicable for the Multipurpose
Smart Street Bin:
•Smart Bins with sensors
•LED Display System for public information
•Street Information Boards
•Wi-Fi Hotspot
•CCTV Camera
Benefits of using Smart Bins
To manage waste collection through Sensor Based Smart Dustbins
•It will stop overflowing of dustbins along roadsides and localities as smartbins are managed at real time.
•The filling and cleaning time of smart bin will also be reduced thus making empty and clean dustbins available to common
people.
•It also aims at creating a clean as well as green environment.
•By using the route algorithm it will smartly find the shortest route thus it will reduce the number of vehicles used for garbage
collection.
•Send optimized routes directly to drivers.
•It will reduce fuel Consumption.
•Less amount of fuel consumed by vehicles thus can save a large amount of money as well.