WORD FORMATION

PROCESSES
ENGLISH 9

MR. JOHN ARVIN U. NOVALES

Do you know how the words we use today were
formed or came about? There are processes by
which words we use today were formed. You will
be amazed at how language evolves and develop
overtime.
 COINAGE
• is the invention of new terms. New words are
coined from trade names or product brands that
have become generally acceptable terms for the
products they represent.
• These words become household names and
eventually become part of the language.
COINAGE
Examples:
• Xerox
• Aspirin
• Google
• Kleenex
• Band aid
 EPONYMS

• are words coined from names of persons or

places.
 EPONYMS
Examples:
• hoover – from Hoover Suction Sweeper Company which
produced the first vacuum cleaner
• volt – unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and
electromotive force; from Alessandro Volta, a physicist
• watt – unit of power; from James Watt, an engineer
• newton – unit of force; from Isaac Newton, a physicist and
mathematician
 COMPOUNDING

• is the joining of two independent words to form

a new word.
• Compound words can be combined, separated
or hyphenated.
 COMPOUNDING - COMBINED
Examples:
• text + book = textbook
• finger + print = fingerprint
• rail + road = railroad
• speech + writer = speechwriter
 COMPOUNDING - SEPARATED
Examples:
• rocking + chair = rocking chair
• police + station = police station
• vegetable + salad = vegetable salad
• tourist + spot = tourist spot
 COMPOUNDING - HYPENATED
Examples:
• mother + in +law = mother-in-law
• editor + in + chief = editor-in-chief
• self + reliance = self-reliance
 BLENDING
• is the fusion of parts of two separate words to
form a new word. It is a process in which parts
of two or more words are combined to create a
new word whose meaning is often a
combination of the original words.
 BLENDING
Examples:
smoke + fog = smog motor + hotel = motel
gasoline + alcohol = gasohol television + broadcast = telecast
web + seminar = webinar telephone + marathon = telethon
breakfast = lunch = brunch emotion + icon = emoticon
 CLIPPING
• is the reduction of words to their shorter form. It
is a process in which a word is reduced or
shortened without changing the meaning of the
word.
 CLIPPING - FINAL
Examples:
• advertisement = ad
• examination = exam
• doctor = doc
• mathematics = math

Note: Final Clipping retains the beginning of the word.

 CLIPPING - INITIAL
Examples:
• telephone = phone
• robot = bot
• internet = net

Note: Initial Clipping retains the final part of the word.

 ACRONYM
• are new words formed from the initial letters of
a set of words. The words may be pronounced
as letters, capitalized single word, or un-
capitalized single word. It is a process in which
the initial letters of a phrase or term is
pronounced as one word
 ACRONYM
Examples:
• UN = United Nations
• NASA = National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
• laser = light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation
 ACRONYM
Examples:
• UN = United Nations
• NASA = National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
• laser = light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation
 BORROWING
• is the taking or adopting of words from other
languages. The words formed by borrowing
of words from other languages are called
loanwords.
 BORROWING
Examples:
• piano (Italian)
• tycoon (Japanese)
• yo-yo (Tagalog)
• athlete (Greek)
• algebra (Arabic)
• pizza (Italian)
 AFFIXIATION
• is the addition of a prefix (which are added in
the beginning of words) or suffix (which is
added at the end of words) to a word to form a
new word. They may result in new words that
either have similar or different grammatical
forms.
 AFFIXIATION
Below are some examples of words that are formed using prefixes and
suffixes.
Prefix Meaning Examples
de- opposite, negative, removal, separation hydrate >>> dehydration
dis- removal infect >>> disinfect
non- absence, not Academic >>>
nonacademic
re- again, repeatedly do >>> redo
un- negative, not, opposite, reversal clean >>> unclean
 AFFIXIATION
Below are some examples of words that are formed using prefixes and
suffixes.

Suffix Meaning Examples

-able able to be approach >>> approachable
-er agent teach >>> teacher
-less lack of care >>> careless
-ship condition, character, skill friend >>> friendship
-ful characterized by grate >>> grateful
 BACK FORMATION
• is the reduction of a word of one type to another
type. It usually involves changing the noun form
of a word to a verb by removing the affixes.
• It is a process in which a long word is shortened
by cutting off an affix to form a new word. The
new word has a different part of speech from the
original word.
 BACK FORMATION
Examples:
NOUN VEBR
Editor Edit
Television Televise
Aviation Aviate
Recorder Record
 CONVERSION
• is the changing of the function of a word to
form a new word. It refers to the process of
changing or converting the class of a word
without changing its form.
 CONVERSION
Examples:
NOUN VERB
I have green eyes. The principal eyes the program
Hope keeps us alive. I hope to see him now.

NOUN ADJECTIVE
Literature is fun She is a literature teacher.
 REDUPLICATION
• is the repetition of the entire word or part of it.
 REDUPLICATION - RHYMING
Examples:

• boogie-woogie
• hocus-pocus
 REDUPLICATION - EXACT
Examples:

• Bye-bye
• So-so
 REDUPLICATION - ABLAUT
Examples:

• Singsong
• Ticktock
 POINTERS
(Periodical Test/Review Quiz)

1. Mechanics of Writing
2. Communicative Styles
3. Conditional Sentences
4. Modals
5. Word Formation Processes
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