Background- networks

and web architecture

Marco A. Adarme Jaimes
(madarme@ufps.edu.co)
A slides created initially by Mg. Carlos Rene Angarita

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Internet
The internet is a globally connected network system that uses TCP/IP to transmit data via various types of
media. The internet is a network of global exchanges – including private, public, business, academic and
government networks – connected by guided, wireless and fiber-optic technologies.
 
The internet originated with the U.S. government, which began building a computer network in the 1960s
known as ARPANET. In 1985, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) commissioned the development
of a university network backbone called NSFNET. The system was replaced by new networks operated by
commercial internet service providers in 1995. The internet was brought to the public on a larger scale at
around this time.

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A little history
The Internet reached one billion one hundred million users. It is
2006 anticipated that in ten years, the number of navigators of the
Network will increase to 2,000 million.
Integration of OSI protocols in the Internet architecture,
1989 facilitating the use of different communication protocols. Tim
Berner Lee realize the first client-server communication.

1983 ARPANET changed the NCP protocol over TCP / IP

The first computer connection, known as ARPANET, was
1969 established between three universities in California and one in
Utah, United States

Leonard Kleinrock published from MIT the first document on

1961 the theory of packet switching
Video Estadística

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 Communication Protocols

Is a system of rules that allow two or more

entities of a communications system to
transmit information via any kind of variation
of a physical quantity. These are the rules or
standard that defines the syntax, semantics
and synchronization of communication and
possible error recovery methods. Protocols
may be implemented by hardware, software,
or a combination of both.

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TCP/IP Model
The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual
model and set of communications protocols
used on the Internet and similar computer
networks. It is commonly known as TCP/IP
because the original protocols in the suite are
the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
the Internet Protocol (IP).

DARPA
1970

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IP Address

IPV4 IPV6
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OSI Model
The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the
communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to their underlying internal
structure and technology.

ISO
1984

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Services and Internet Protocols
• Web (WWW o World Wide Web). Hypertext
files.
• HTTP: HyperText Transfer protocol:
Hypertext transfer protocol.
• Email (protocol SMTP).
• Transmission of files (FTP y P2P).
• Conversations on line“chat” (IRC).
• Telephony (VoIP).
• TV (IPTV).
• Remote Access (SSH y Telnet).
• Games on line.
• Access infrastructure and cloud servicies

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 WEB (1)
The Web, or World Wide Web (W3), is basically a system of Internet servers that support specially
formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML (HyperText
Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and video files[*].

 
THE TERM INTERNET ACTUALLY REFERS TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK OF SERVERS THAT MAKES THE
INFORMATION SHARING THAT HAPPENS OVER THE WEB POSSIBLE
 
The Web uses HTTP protocol to transmit data and share information. Browsers such as Internet
Explorer, Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox are used to access Web documents, or Web pages, which
are connected via links.

[*] https://www.techopedia.com/definition/5613/web
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 WEB (2)
• Web pages are documents, typically
composed in plain text interspersed
with formatting instructions of
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML,
XHTML).

• A Website is a collection of related

web pages, including multimedia
content, typically identified with a
common domain name, and
published on at least one web server.
Notable examples are wikipedia.org,
google.com, and amazon.com[*].

[*] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website
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 WEB (3)
Web pages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which may
optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure, HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user.
The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content according to its HTML markup
instructions onto a display terminal [*].

[*] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Website
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Request a Web Page

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Architecture Client – Server

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Architecture Three Layers

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Developer

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World Wide Web
The Internet Society W3C – World Wide Web Consortium
• A professional organization that provides • Develops recommendations and
leadership in addressing issues related to prototype technologies related to the
the future of the Internet Web
• IETF-- Internet Engineering Task Force • Produces specifications, called
• RFC – Requests for Comments Recommendations, in an effort to
• IAB – Internet Architecture Board standardize web technologies
• WAI – Web Accessibility Initiative
ICANN - The Internet Corporation for
Assigned Numbers & Names
Main function is to coordinate the
assignment of:
• Internet domain names
• IP address numbers
• Protocol parameters
• Protocol port numbers.

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HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
• Web (WWW o World Wide Web).
Hypertext files.
• HTTP: HyperText Transfer protocol:
Hypertext transfer protocol.
• Email (protocol SMTP).
• Transmission of files (FTP y P2P).
• Conversations on line“chat” (IRC).
• Telephony (VoIP).
• TV (IPTV).
• Remote Access (SSH y Telnet).
• Games on line.
• Access infrastructure and cloud servicies

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