CE 711 Week 3

Construction Firm
In a typical construction day 40 to 60% of the work
time is non productive
Much of non productive time is due to poor
communication
What one person said is not what the other person
heard.
If there is 50% non productive time on a project it
means that the productive time has a potential of being
increased by up to 50%.
If productivity can be improved by just 5% the
contractor might improve his profitability by double.
On the other hand, a 20% decrease in productivity can
have the potential of bankrupting a construction firm.
 The 10 Step Program
1. Make the project look like a firm rather than a job.
The worker sees himself as part of a long term team
instead of working job to job. Pride,
performance,communication
2. Improved communications, both oral and written.
3. Plan a productive work site.
4. Challenge the work process. Who, what, where,
when, why, how
5. Use scientific standard than accounting, time
studies, etc.
6. Planning and Scheduling, whether it be one day, or
master schedule, its important.
What’s going to be done tomorrow, what will we need,
materials, equipment and labor
7.Project control and productivity improvement.
Evaluate the process of work and analyze the reports
8. Equipment management
9. productivity through safety
10. Productivity through attention to quality
 10 New Themes
1. Continuous education
2. Process versus results management
3. Consistent procedures and practices
4. Proactive versus reactive
5. Measurement & analysis of defect
6. Risk or variation Analysis
7. Vital few versus many
8. Planning vs reacting
9. Safety
10. Pride and positive attitude
Examples
1. days of bad weather
2. Not enough staffing
3. Slow decisions
 Organizational Structure of a Construction
Company
If effective:
Aid coordination
Max productivity
Expedite control
Positive human relations
Benefits of specialization
Assign responsibility
Decision making : centralized or decentralized
Centralized and Decentralized Estimating
Decentralization leads to the person who prepares the
estimate does the job.
Staffing:
Superintendent – to oversee all aspects of the project
Foreman – Craftsman to supervise specific tasks
Craftsman – the person assigned to perform the work
 Site Layout
Convenience
Provide utilities
Work space
Parking
Storage
Support work space
Visitors
Flow diagrams
A Concrete Example

San Diego, Bayside

Condo Development
282 condo units
Price Range $795,000 to $12,000,000
South foundation pour-
10 foot thick raft mat supporting a 35 story building
Project Value
282 condos
Range $795,000 to $12,000,000
Low value 282 x $795,000 = $224,190,000
High Value 282 x $12,000,000 = $3,384,000,000
Useable average (($3,384,000,000 - $224,190,000)/2)
+ $224,190,000 = $1,804,095,000
Estimate Cost for Concrete Foundation
Use National Construction Estimator 2005
Foundation size: estimated at 10 ft deep x 180 ft. long
x 172.5 ft. wide = 310,500 cf or 11,500 cy
Pour performed in one 10 hr. day using 258 trucks and
14 active pumpers ( 4 additional pumpers in reserve)
Costs
Formwork
10 ft. x ((180 x 2) +(172.5 x 2)) = 7,050 sf
Assume 2 uses
(9.77+6.23)/2 =$8.00 SFCA
7,050 x $8.00 = $56,400
 Slab-on-grade FormsWall forms
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Craft@HrsUnit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Wall forms Formwork over 6' high includes an allowance for a work platform and handrail built on one side of the form for use by the concrete placing crew.
 Wall form heights to 4’
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Craft@HrsUnit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Heights to 4', includes 1.1 SF of plyform, 1.5 BF of lumber and allowance for nails, ties and oil per SFCA
 1 use F5@.119 SFCA 2.54 4.81 7.35
 3 uses F5@.080 SFCA 1.40 3.24 4.64
 5 uses F5@.069 SFCA 1.17 2.79 3.96
 Wall form heights to 4’
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Craft@HrsUnit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Add for 1 side battered F5@.016 SFCA 0.25 0.65 0.90
 Add for 2 sides battered F5@.024 SFCA 0.51 0.97 1.48
 Wall form heights over 4’ to 6’
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Craft@HrsUnit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Heights over 4' to 6', includes 1.1 SF of plyform, 2.0 BF of lumber and allowance for nails, ties and oil
 1 use F5@.140 SFCA 2.86 5.66 8.52
 3 uses F5@.100 SFCA 1.56 4.04 5.60
 5 uses F5@.080 SFCA 1.29 3.24 4.53
 Add for 1 side battered F5@.016 SFCA 0.29 0.65 0.94
 Add for 2 sides battered F5@.024 SFCA 0.57 0.97 1.54
 Wall form heights over 6’ to 12’
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Heights over 6' to 12', includes 1.2 SF of plyform, 2.5 BF of lumber and allowance for nails, ties and oil
 1 use F5@.160 SFCA 3.30 6.47 9.77
 3 uses F5@.110 SFCA 1.78 4.45 6.23
 5 uses F5@.100 SFCA 1.47 4.04 5.51
 Craft@HrsUnit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________


Add for 1 side battered
Add for 2 sides battered
F5@.016 SFCA
F5@.024 SFCA
0.33
0.66
0.65
0.97
0.98
1.63
Try these
Concrete
Use 258 trucks for transport
Trucks haul 12 cy
11,500/12 = 959 truck loads
959 trips/258trucks = 3.71 trips per truck
Say 4 trips per truck
Concrete Pumps
14 pumps are active
4 pumps are in standby
With 14 pumps and 2 trucks dumping, per pump at any
time, use 28 trucks per pour set
Therefore 34 sets are required
10 hours of pour time means we need to process 3.4
sets per hour or 95 trucks/hr.
Conc. Pumps cont.
18 pumpers with variable boom length
Range is $100/hr to $272/hr.
Average is $186/hr.
Use 12 hr. day which includes setup and takedown.
$186 x 18 x 12 = $40,176
 Temporary EnclosuresConcrete pumping with a boom truck
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Craft@Hrs Unit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Concrete Pumping with a Boom Truck, Subcontract Includes truck rent, operator, local travel but no concrete. Add costs equal to 1 hour for equipment setup
and 1 hour for cleanup. Use 4 hours as the minimum cost for 23, 28 and 32 meter boom trucks and 5 hours as the minimum cost for 36 through 52 meter boom
trucks. Estimate the actual pour rate at 70% of the rated capacity on thicker slabs and 50% of the capacity on most other work.

 Concrete pumping with a boom truck

 __________________________________________________________________________
 Craft@Hrs Unit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Costs include operator and oiler where necessary. Costs shown include subcontractor's markup.
 23 meter boom (75'), 70 CY per hour rating --@.000 Hr -- -- 100.00
 Add per CY pumped with 23 meter boom --@.000 CY -- -- 2.00
 28 meter boom (92'), 70 CY per hour rating --@.000 Hr -- -- 118.00
 Add per CY pumped with 28 meter boom --@.000 CY -- -- 2.00
 32 meter boom (105'), 90 CY per hour rating --@.000 Hr -- -- 136.00
 Add per CY pumped with 32 meter boom --@.000 CY -- -- 2.00
 36 meter boom (120'), 90 CY per hour rating --@.000 Hr -- -- 172.00
 Add per CY pumped with 36 meter boom --@.000 CY -- -- 2.00
 42 meter boom (138'), 100 CY per hour rating --@.000 Hr -- -- 227.00
 Add per CY pumped with 42 meter boom --@.000 CY -- -- 2.50
 52 meter boom (170'), 100 CY per hour rating --@.000 Hr -- -- 272.00
 Add per CY pumped with 52 meter boom --@.000 CY -- -- 3.00
Cost per Truck
1 truck, 12 cy, with driver = $88/cy x 12 cy = $1056/
truck delivery
958 trucks x $1056 = $1,011,648
 ConcreteConcrete
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Craft@Hrs Unit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Concrete Ready-mix delivered by truck. Typical prices for most cities. Includes delivery up to 20 miles for 10 CY or more, 3" to 4" slump. Material cost only, no placing or pumping included. See forming and finishing costs on the following pages.
 Footing and foundation concrete, 1-1/2" aggregate
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Craft@Hrs Unit Material Labor Total
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Footing and foundation concrete, 1-1/2" aggregate
 2,000 PSI, 4.8 sack mix --@.000 CY 76.90 -- 76.90
 2,500 PSI, 5.2 sack mix --@.000 CY 80.00 -- 80.00
 3,000 PSI, 5.7 sack mix --@.000 CY 82.20 -- 82.20
 3,500 PSI, 6.3 sack mix --@.000 CY 84.60 -- 84.60
 4,000 PSI, 6.9 sack mix --@.000 CY 88.00 -- 88.00
 Slab, sidewalk and driveway concrete, 1" aggregate
__________________________________________________________________________

Try this


 Slab, sidewalk, and driveway concrete, 1" aggregate

 2,000 PSI, 5.0 sack mix --@.000 CY 77.90 -- 77.90
 2,500 PSI, 5.5 sack mix --@.000 CY 81.00 -- 81.00
 3,000 PSI, 6.0 sack mix --@.000 CY 83.30 -- 83.30
 3,500 PSI, 6.6 sack mix --@.000 CY 84.70 -- 84.70
 4,000 PSI, 7.1 sack mix --@.000 CY 87.30 -- 87.30
 Pea-gravel pump mix, 3/8" aggregate
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Pea gravel pump mix / grout mix, 3/8" aggregate
 2,000 PSI, 6.0 sack mix --@.000 CY 84.90 -- 84.90
 2,500 PSI, 6.5 sack mix --@.000 CY 88.00 -- 88.00
 3,000 PSI, 7.2 sack mix --@.000 CY 90.30 -- 90.30
 3,500 PSI, 7.9 sack mix --@.000 CY 91.70 -- 91.70
 5,000 PSI, 8.5 sack mix --@.000 CY 99.00 -- 99.00
 Extra delivery costs
 __________________________________________________________________________
 Extra delivery costs for ready-mix concrete
 Add for delivery over 20 miles --@.000 Mile 2.00 -- 2.00
 Add for standby charge in excess of 5 minutes per CY delivered per minute of extra time --@.000 Ea 1.10 -- 1.10
 Add for less than 10 CY per load delivered --@.000 CY 11.00 -- 11.00
Manpower
Use 4 Foremen at $45.00/hr
(4 x 45 x 8)+(4 x 4 x 45 x 1.5) = $2520

Use 70 laborers at $23.95/hr.

(70 x 23.95 x 8)+(70 x 4 x 23.95 x 1.5) = $23,471
Estimate
Formwork $56,400
Truck/conc. $1,011,648
Pumpers $40,176
Foremen $2,520
Laborers $23,471
Subtotal $1,134,215
Overhead @ 30% $34,030
Contingency 15% $175,240
Total Cost $1,343,500
 Partial Individual Truck Schedule
Concrete Pumps
Hour 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
5 AM/SET 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
SET 2/ :15 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56
SET 3/ :30 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84
SET 4/ :45 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112
6 AM/SET 5 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
SET 6/ :15 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168
SET 7/ :30 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196
SET 8/ :45 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224
7 AM/SET 9 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252
SET 10/ :15 253 254 255 256 257 258 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
SET11/ :30 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
SET 12/ :45 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
8 AM/SET13 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106
SET 14/:15 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134
SET 15/:30 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162
SET 16/ :45 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190
9 AM/SET17 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218
SET 18/ :15 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246
SET 19/ :30 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258
Scheduling
Total round trip is 2 hrs. and 15 minutes
This allows for over 2 hours to:
Dump the concrete - 10 minutes
Clean the drum and slide – 15 minutes
Drive to the plant – 20 to 40 minutes
Rebatch at the plant – 15 minutes
Drive to the site – 20 to 40 minutes
Set up for dumping – 5 minutes
Therefore
Allowed 135 minutes
Base time required 125 minutes
Why would a float of 10 minutes be needed?
A. traffic delays
B. weather
C. delays at batching
D. delays to stage at a pumper
 Case Study 2
Milleau Bridge