SEMI CONDUCTORS

THE START OF INFORMATION AGE

WHAT IS A SEMI CONDUCTOR?

A semiconductor is a substance, usually a solid

chemical element or compound, that can conduct
electricity under some conditions but not others,
making it a good medium for the control of electrical
current.
Crucial property of it is band gap; a range of forbidden
energies within electronic structure of the material..
 Valence band is a band of all energy levels while
conduction band is the band of energy levels in which
electrons can conduct electricity.
 Semiconductors are found near in
the so called “metalloid staircase”
on the periodic table.

Usually are made of elements with

4 valence shells, e.g., Silicon and
Germanium or compounds such as
GaAs or CdSe.

Furthermore, ternary compounds

are also possible such as mercury
indium telluride and aluminum
gallium arsenide.
 Two Types Of Semiconductors

Semiconductors
with other Semiconductors
substances added that are composed
to alter their of only one kind of
properties. material.

Semiconductor
Extrinsic Intrinsic
Have two types Material
Also called as
namely: “undoped
• p-type (a hole semiconductors”
has been added) or “i-type
•n-type (an extra semiconductors”
electron has been
added)
HISTORY OF SEMICONDUCTORS
Semi-conductor Structure
and Properties:
► The structure of a semi-
conductor is usually made of
individual atoms bonded
together in a regular, periodic
structure to form an
arrangement whereby each atom
is surrounded by 8 electrons like
silicon. This would mean that it
can bond together with other
silicon atoms in a covalent bond.
► The example on the left is an
example of the structure of
Silicon, a common
semiconductor.
Semi-conductor Structure and Properties:
► Semiconductors usually have properties between Conductors and
insulators. It’s conductivity and resistivity is highly dependent on the
temperature. Cold temperatures often cause high resistance to
electricity while Hot temperatures can increase conductivity.

► Semiconductors are also able to be added with other elements to

increase conductivity. Pure semiconductors are unable to transfer
electricity.
PROCESS OF SEMI CONDUCTOR

What is DOPING?

In semiconductor production, doping is the intentional introduction of

impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor for the purpose of modulating its
electrical, optical and structural properties.

The doped material is referred to as an extrinsic semiconductor. A

semiconductor doped to such high levels that it acts more like
a conductor than a semiconductor is referred to as a degenerate
semiconductor.
� An N Type semiconductor material � There is a shortage of electrons in
has an excess of electrons. P Type semiconductors

� In N Type semiconductors, the � i.e. there are “holes” in the

charge carriers are electrons crystal lattice

� The “holes” are positively charged

� Free electrons are available within
carriers.
the lattices

N TYPE P TYPE
Semi Conductor Materials
Semi Conductor Materials
 Thank
You!
MEMBERS:

BATOBALONOS, JOHN JOVEN

LOBIANO, KIM
ORDESTA, JOSHUA
TABADA, DAVEKURT JANEMIL
YCONG, DIONA CHRIS