Classification & Types of Boilers

Rajan Bhandari
Singapore Maritime Academy

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 Introduction

 Know the need for steam on a motor vessel.

 Know the principles involved in heat transfer
and in generating steam in a boiler.
 Know the various ways the boilers can be
classified.
 Know the basic constructional features of
some of the popular boilers used.

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 Overview

This is a introductory lecture and explains

 the use of steam and
 application of various types of boilers for use
on a motor vessel.

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 Vocabulary

 Smoke tube,
 Fire tube,
 Tank Type,
 Drum Type
 Carnot efficiency

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 Use of Steam
 Heating duties: ME Fuel oil heater, Purifier heater, Oil tank
heating, Cargo heating, Air conditioning & heating plant,
Calorifier, Galley supply, sea‑chests, tracer lines for pipeline
heating etc.
 Run Turbine Generators
 Run Cargo pump turbines in Tankers
 Drive steam driven deck machinery like winches etc.
 Operate bilge, stripping and other steam driven pumps
 Drive boiler feed pump turbines
 Evaporator/Fresh water generator heating media

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 Use of Steam
 Tank washing in tanker ships and general cleaning
 For boiler Soot blowing and for the steam atomised
burners
 Fire fighting as used in steam smothering system
 Main engine Jacket F.W. preheater and Lub oil sump
and drain tanks
 Use in the waste oil, incinerator, slop tanks
 Use as a steam ejector media for ejector pumps and
 vacuum deviceswater generator heating media

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 Types of boilers
 Main Boiler- Propulsion of the vessel
 Auxiliary Boiler-Heating of heavy fuel oil using a steam heater,
necessary for propulsion would qualify the supplying boiler to be
referred to as an auxiliary boiler.
 Tank Boiler-A boiler with large water carrying capacity where the shell
is being used as the pressure vessel. Most low pressure auxiliary
boilers will come into this category.
 Exhaust Gas Boiler- Boiler operated by hot gas from engine or other
exhaust gas sources.
 Drum Type Boiler-Water tube boilers employing steam and water
drums. They are also known as bent tube type boilers.
 Package Boiler -Fully automatic, low capacity boilers packaged inside
a box type casing, capable of quick steam production and flexible in
being positioned anywhere; could be coil type or fire tube type.

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 Smoke tube & Water tube boilers

Fire tube concept

Shell with fire tubes inside
Tank type boiler

Water tube concept

Drum with fire tubes

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 Tank type & Drum type boilers

Fire tube concept

Shell with fire tubes inside
Tank type boiler

Water tube concept

Drum with fire tubes

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 Principle of heat transfer in boilers

 Radiation
 Conduction
 Convection

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 Limiting the stress

 Longitudinal stress = Pressure x diameter

4 x thickness of wall

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 Limiting the stress

 Circumferential stress = Pressure x diameter

2 x thickness of wall

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 Maximum working pressure

 Max working press. = Max stress x 2 x wall thickness

diameter
 Therefore Tank type boiler max press limited to 17.5
bar

Fire tube
concept
Shell with fire
Water tube concept
tubes inside
Drum with fire tubes
Tank type boiler

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 Compensating pads

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 Position of manholes

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 Compensating ring

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 Supporting flat surface

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 Supporting flat surface

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 Sunrod CHS

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 MIURA Z - Boiler

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 Water tube Boiler

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 Water and steam flow diagram

 Blue: the downcomers lead the

water from the steam drum to
the water drum and the
waterwalls headers.

 Red and blue: the evaporation

tubes and the water walls lead
the water and steam emulsion
back to the steam drum.

 Red: the steam passes through

the superheater before it leaves
the boiler for the consumers.

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 Boiler with integral super heater

Keep superheater vent open and maintain flow to prevent overheating

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 Carnot efficiency

 Carnot's Eff iciency %

= (T1 ‑ T2 ) x 100
T1
(T1)
 Turbo alternator
 T2 at condenser

T2

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 Efficient heat exchange

 Thickness of the tube

material reduces its
conductivity but it is an T1
important factor in limiting
stresses in the material
 Heat conducted = T2
Difference in temp x area x time
thickness of material

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 Summary

 Need for steam on a motor vessel.

 Principles involved in heat transfer and in
generating steam in a boiler.
 Various ways the boilers can be classified.
 Basic constructional features of some of the
popular boilers used.

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 Where to Get More Information
 Morton, Thomas D, Steam Engineering Knowledge
for Marine Engineers (1994), Thomas Reed
Publications
 Flanagan, G T H, Marine Boilers Question &
Answers (1995)
 Operation Manuals, Aalborg Boilers
 Operation Manuals, Miura Boilers
 Milton, J H and Leach, Roy M, Marine Steam Boilers
(1995)

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