Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sea Guardian Maritime Corp. Anti-Piracy
Sea Guardian Maritime Corp. Anti-Piracy
Corp.
Anti-Piracy
1
Anti-Piracy Awareness
THINK
The best weapon you have in your arsenal is the ability to adapt and
think on your feet
Don’t panic
Control your fear and remember that:
“Fear creates hesitation, and hesitation will make your worst fear come true!”
Piracy
Threats & Patterns
9
Piracy: Yesterday & Today
What is Piracy?
Piracy dates back as far as the Roman Empire and has existed as long
as maritime trade.
“Modern piracy is a violent, bloody, ruthless practice," Captain Jayant
Abhyankar, Deputy Director of the IMB (International Maritime
Bureau).
These actors are nothing more than criminals and IMSN
(International Maritime Security Network) will approach the issues in
a law enforcement style.
American History
In 1803, the Barbary Pirates held around 300 American sailors for
ransom in modern day Libya
A small force of U.S. Marines and mercenaries, led by William
Eaton, marched overland from Egypt to force the Barbary States to
release all hostages without tribute
It was the first counter-terrorism mission by the United States
Today we still face the threat of piracy off the coasts of Africa
International Maritime Bureau (IMB)
definition:
21
Piracy Techniques, Craft, and Equipment
Five to six years ago, when pirates attacked, they used machetes,
knives and pistols.
Today they still use knives but now they carry AK-47s and RPGs
Piracy Techniques, Craft, and Equipment
Piracy Techniques, Craft, and Equipment
Note that the mother ships are also used as a recon tool
For some time the pirates have been radioing each other about different
vessels they see and try to board – most of the “Mother Ships” are not
mother ships at all, they are scouts!
How can you use this in your favor
Do your best to look like a hard target so would-be attackers will avoid your ship
Use the radio to announce that your ship is prepared
Modern Pirates
Pirates are generally poor, turning to crime as their only means of
income.
Some pirates are as young as teenagers or younger
Even a 10-year-old boy can kill you if he has an AK-47
The first pirate onboard a ship gets the most money
This is their only source of income and they are highly motivated
Modern Pirates
Somali pirates are likely to want you alive for the ransom money
They are still shooting at you, even a stray round can kill you!
Pirates in the Straits of Malacca or Nigeria will kill you without a
second thought and take your ship!
Pirates could be intoxicated or on drugs
Never assume you are safe!
Modern Pirates
Many African pirates are known to use Khat (qat, qaat, jaad, chad)
Khat is a stimulant similar to ecstasy –it is chewed and absorbed into
the bloodstream through the stomach
Khat is chewed as a pick me up for farmers or workers because it will
suppress appetite
It is very accessible in many African and Middle Eastern countries –
even to children
Modern Pirates
Khat can cause euphoria, hyperactivity, hallucinations,
appetite loss, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
They will be less likely to break down mentally under stress
An individual on Khat will be harder to incapacitate
Modern Pirates
Haiti and other Caribbean countries are known to have severe rates
of marijuana use
Dominican Republic is known to have high rates of amphetamine use
The same rules apply
A person in an altered state will be much harder to incapacitate
Is Piracy Terrorism?
Majority of experts claim that piracy is not terrorism.
“There is no worthwhile evidence, despite the speculation, of any
cooperation between pirates and insurgent/terrorists,” a 2007
article for the Naval War College Review.”
Piracy and Terrorism
Pirates in Nigeria have shown little regard for the well-being of crews
and may be the most dangerous piracy hotspot in the world at this
time.
Ships have received little assistance from the Nigerian navy (Nigeria
actually maintains the strongest Navy in the region).
Hot spots: South East Asia
In the last 3 years the Indonesian Navy has made significant gains in
reducing piracy.
They have:
Increased the Navy’s forces
Increased cooperation with neighbors
Kept better Intel
Better training
They most recently beat down and defeated the “Tamil Tigers”
Piracy Hotspots: Strait of Malacca,
Philippines, Bangladesh, Indonesia
There are three types of tactics used by
pirates in the Malaccan straits.
The first type operate in small fast boats and only attack easy targets,
robbing the ship and crew of money and valuables.
The second is much more organized, using weapons and careful
planning to hijack a ship and hold the crew for ransom while stealing
large amounts of cargo. This type requires organization and funding.
The third type is also organized and funded but makes a political
statement along with the demand for ransom.
The fight against piracy in the straits
Piracy Hotspots: Latin America
See Handout 1
End Part 1
Questions?
10 minute break
Maritime Laws &
Conventions
53
Relevant Codes
International Maritime Organization
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code
Suppression of Unlawful Acts (SUA) Convention
33 CFR (US)
Why are they so important to you and how can they help you fight
piracy attacks
Coast Guard Directive 104-6
The main reason we are here!
Requires Anti-Piracy measures to be included in the Ship Security
Plan
Evasive maneuvers, cooperation with coalition forces, etc
Also specifies hardening the ship against unauthorized boarding
International Maritime Law
The U.S. Coast Guard allows weapons on board a ship under the
personal use exemption in Port Security Advisory 4-09 (Rev. 1)
The United States also affirms mariners’ right to self defense in Port
Security Advisory 3-09
Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
The SOLAS Convention
Regarded as the most important of all international treaties concerning the
safety of merchant ships.
SOLAS amendments for security already in place
Ship’s Security Plan now must have upgraded Anti-Piracy measures in place.
(SOLAS): Chapter XI-2
66
Vessel Types
Tanker
Chemical Tanker
Oil Tanker
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Tanker
Cargo ships
General Cargo
Container ship
Bulk Carrier
Roll-on-Roll-off (RORO)
Special Purpose
Small Freighters are one of the most vulnerable
vessels while in piracy waters
Ultra Large Crude Carrier (loaded)
Ultra Large Crude Carrier (unloaded)
Bulk Carrier
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Tanker
Cargo Ship
Panamax Freighter
TYPICAL ATTACK PROFILES AND
LESSONS LEARNED
In 2009, the top three types of ships most attacked were:
Bulk Carrier (109)
Container (63)
General Cargo (53)
TYPICAL ATTACK PROFILES AND
LESSONS LEARNED
Successful attacks illustrate the following common vulnerabilities
Low Speed
Low Freeboard
Inadequate Planning & Procedures
Visibly low state of alert or lack of evident self-protective measures
When the ship looks as if it will respond slowly or not at all
Ship did not heed piracy warnings.
TYPICAL ATTACK PROFILES AND
LESSONS LEARNED
Frequency of attacks is lower during bad weather
Frequency of attacks is lower at night
Success of attacks is lower when the ship takes definitive action
Somali Pirates boarding a vessel
How do they get on board the ship
Pirates use Grappling hooks and rope or sometimes
ladders to gain access while a ship is underway (This is the
typical tool that they use)
By coming at the ship from 4 points it makes it easy for them and hard for
you
81
SITREP
Operation
Use onboard Automatic Radar Plotting Apparatus (ARPA) to set up grids with
automatic acquisition
ARPA should already be onboard
Provides a vector based on true course and speed
Use in addition to the IMSN EYEON Radar
Set one radar at the 6-12 mile range and one to a 3 mile range
Radar
There is a feature on the ARPA called after glow which is a quick way
to see how a vessel is moving.
Puts a glow behind the target and it mimics a wake of a boat
A fast boat will have a longer glow (or wake) behind it.
Also you can set up an automatic acquisition area around the ship
which will automatically tag any target which comes into the zone.
Radar issues
Sea clatter
Rough seas may blot out a small vessel on the radar
Fortunately Pirates tend to not like rough weather but never assume
anything
Problems/concerns/malfunctions etc
Small wooden boats are not good reflectors
Radar may need more time to sweep the set grids than you have with a fast
mover
Technology can always break down
Radar Issues
Radar can not show the intent of the small vessel, whereas the IMSN
CCTV system can allow the posted watch to not only see the inbound
vessel, but tell the difference between fishing gear and AK-47’s.
Detection: EyeOn CCTV
IMSN’s base Anti-Piracy plan calls for the bridge to be the rally point
in the event of an attack
At “Bingo Time” all crew members should be heading for the RP and
be accounted for in the fortified safe room
When Radar & CCTV watch calls “Danger close” This will mean that
the pirates have made it close to along side.
Defense: Lockdown and Secure RP
Defenshield will provide armor to make the bridge a security
shelter
Armored glass panes to stop AK-47 rounds
Screens to stop RPG rounds
Clip-on armor and mobile fighting positions are also available for
other areas on the ship
Ballistic blankets to black out the bridge so pirates can’t see you!
Defenshield
Defenshield Overview
Defense: Security Team
Team will E&E to the interior stair well leading to the bridge where they meet up with
the rest of the crew in the safe house
A sniper OVERWATCH will take the high ground and provide the eye in the sky. This
operator will be the last person inside RP
Security Team
Detect, Deter, Defend
Secure RP Defend
Control
Accountability
Visible Watchkeeping
Visible Lock-down Drill Deter
Visible Defenses
Physical Deterrents
Cameras
Radar
Detect
Enhanced Watchkeeping
Communications
Questions?
116
Our Drill Scenario
Step 1
Break the ship’s crew into 2 different groups
Persons with duties (who will conduct the lock down)
A TEAM (Inside crew lock down)
B TEAM (Outside lock down and Triton Shield Device setup)
Person with no duties (Moves directly to RP)
Set muster points for all teams
Persons without duties will go directly to the RP
Run the ship in MARSEC Level III
The Drill: Standard Procedures
Step 2
Crew will be assigned enhanced security watch
Bow and Stern Watches will be in place, keeping the personnel in a safe,
efficient schedule
Personnel will be on roving patrol
Anti-Piracy system and measures will be prepared and ready for use
The Drill: Attack Imminent
Step 3
The camera system or a watchmen detects a suspicious craft moving toward
the ship
Warning horn will sound (5 five sec blasts)
Bridge command will report on PA and on radio direction that the incoming
vessel is on, and also “BINGO TIME”
All teams will meet at their muster point and begin the drill
Crew Response, Movement, Muster
Everyone must know their team and their RP
YOU KNOW YOUR SHIP – give input when plans are made to help
ensure an efficient and complete lock down
Assign someone to be responsible for the crew RP accountability
This is a key point. If captain has all his men Pirates are empty handed!
The Drill: Attack Imminent
Step 4
Starboard side bridge wing will be the only outside entrance to the bridge
(RP)
After all teams are inside the bridge B TEAM security leader will secure that
door
Comms will be sent to all that can help
Ship will steam towards the coalition for help
Time will be called on the drill
The Drill: With Security Personnel
Each team will have a uniformed, security TEAM leader who will give
out assignments
Call signs will be “Alpha Leader” and “Bravo Leader”
Crew members will still be in charge of locking doors, the security
team will provide cover
Security elements will be on roving patrol
There will be a sniper on the bridge wing to observe and provide
cover
The Sniper's Duties
Will be in the highest point on the ship, posted under
Defenshield fighting position
Job
Eyes on perimeter
Give off 1st sign of a deterrent to the pirates
Give cover support to the TEAM members that are on outside
moving to the RP
Repel any boarders that may breach the perimeter of the ship
“Eagle 1” will be the last man into the RP
Bridge watch reports any close-by vessels to “Eagle 1”
and vice-versa
In Review:
Team members will lock down their pre-assigned doors and hatches
while IMSN team leaders provide cover
One team member will keep the headcount and ensure
accountability in the rally point
Persons without any other duties will proceed to the rally point
immediately
The Captain will sound the alarm, alert the UKMTO, alert the IMB,
alert the company, hit the SSAS, and initiate serpentine movements
toward coalition forces
Contingency Plans
136
…If You are Taken Hostage
Pirate Hostages: Then and Now
Pirate Hostages: Then and Now
Keith Stansell
Hostage Considerations
First steps
Run away if you can; stay calm if you can't.
According to security experts, your best chance for escape is
almost always during the initial phases of the hijacking.
How to act
once you're in your captor's custody, remain courteous and
comply with instructions. Don't get hostile or lose your temper:
Aggression is only likely to result in punishment.
become a "gray person“ neither resistant nor overly be
submissive. That way, terrorists are less inclined to single you out
for punishment.
Hostage Considerations
Plans should be in place at your home port for an event like this
Are these plans in place?
Ask questions of your Master, CSO and your union.
GET ANSWERS!
Dealing with rescuers as a hostage
Prisoner movement
Be sure that you’re truly in control of the actor
Handcuff prisoners through bars or cracked door
Do not enter the brig with them
Prisoners should be guarded
Divide watch times between the crew
Prisoners should be split up
Guarding multiple prisoners will be an IMSN problem
Reporting and Transfer
Pirates:
Appear to be well armed, but truly have old and outdated weapons
and equipment
Might outnumber you
THINK that they have the element of surprise
Don’t realize that you are ready for them
The Mariner:
The ability to look like and be a hard target
REALLY have the element of surprise
The great advantage of fighting from the higher ground
The ability to fall back to a secure position
The ability, through training and drills, to control the fear that the
pirates want to put on you
Thoughts
Never assume you won’t be attacked, plan on fending off pirates
anywhere, anytime.
Rely on your team to be prepared and rely on yourself.
When we excel in defense, it is because the enemy can not decide
how to attack.
If they have to re-think their plans, pirates tend to call off their attack.
Thank you for your time and
service
“Remember that you’re not captured or dead until YOU SAY SO!”