GROUP 5 :

 NURFADILLAH WAHID (N1A119168)

 SEPTI WAHYU WULANTIKA(N1A119237)
 ECHA CARLINDA(N1A119049)
 KHAIRA UMMAH (N1A119
 IKHWANUL FADLI(N1A119142)
What is the Main idea ?

→Main idea is the “big point “or the most important idea
that the writer iscommunicating to the reader

→Often the reader can find the main idea just by looking
at the titled
 What is supporting details?

The term "supporting details" can be

defined as additional information that
explains, defines or proves an idea.
 How to find the main idea
 Identify the topic
 read the first sentence in the first
paragraphread the middle sentence of the
paragraph
 read the last sentence of the paragraph
 Summarize the passage
 PARAGRAPH 1
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease which is still a major problem in
tropical countries, including Indonesia. It is caused by dengue viruses that belong to
Flaviviridae. WHO showed that over 40% of world populations are at risk of DHF.1 In 2012
number of cases were 57,204 with 1229 death in South East Asia.2 Indonesian Ministry of
Health data showed that the number of patients with DHF increased annually.3 In 2014
there were 71668 of DHF cases in 34 provinces with 641 death.4 In Central Java in 2013
incidence rate and fatality rate of DHF was 45.52 in 100.000 populations and 1.21%
respectively, which was increasing from the previous year 19.29 in 100.000 population and
0,93%.5

 Main idea : Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious

disease which is still a major problem in tropical
Countries
 Supporting Details :1. In 2012 number of cases were 57,204 with
1229 death in South East Asia.
2. Indonesian Ministry of Health data showed that
the number of patients with DHF increased annually
3. In 2014 there were 71668 of DHF cases in 34provinces
with 641 death.
4. In Central Java in 2013 incidence rate and fatality rate
of DHF was 45.52 in 100.000 populations and 1.21%
respectively, which was increasing from the previous
year 19.29 in 100.000 population and 0,93%.5
 PARAGRAPH 2
Dengue appears in two forms, classic dengue fever and severe form. In
severe form, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock
Syndrome (DSS) which may cause abdominal bleeding, hemorrhage and
circulatory failure. If this severe form is not treated with prompt and
proper management it will lead to the fatal cases

 Main idea :Dengue appears in two forms, classic dengue fever and severe form
 Supporting details :In severe form, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock
Syndrome (DSS) which may cause abdominal bleeding, hemorrhage and circulatory failure. If
this severe form is not treated with prompt and proper management it will lead to the fatal cases.
 PARAGRAPH 3
In addition, the morbidity and mortality from DHF is remaining high since there is
no specific therapy for dengue. The management of cases is mainly supportive by
fluid therapy. Thus, research on discovering specific antiviral against dengue is needed.
Indonesia is rich in indigenous herbal plants, which may has potential antiviral
activity, such as Psidium guajava (Jambu biji), Euphorbia hirta (Patikan kerbau),
Piper bettle L. (Sirih), Carica papaya (Pepaya), Curcuma longa L. (Kunyit/
turmeric), Phyllanthus niruri L. (meniran), Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto),
Cymbopogon citratus (Serai).

 Main idea : Indonesia is rich in indigenous herbal plants, which may has potentia antiviral activity
 Supporting details : Psidium guajava (Jambu biji),
Euphorbia hirta (Patikan kerbau), Piper bettle L. (Sirih),Carica papaya (Pepaya), Curcuma longa
L. (Kunyit /turmeric), Phyllanthus niruri L. (meniran), Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto),
Cymbopogon citratus (Serai).
 PARAGRAPH 4
Other study by Gyuris et al. (2009) reported that Euphorbia hirta has
antiviral activities. The aqueous and 50% MeOH extracts of this plant
inhibit replication of SIVmac251 (simian immunodeficiency virus strain
mac251), HIV1 and HIV-2 viruses (human immunodeficiency virus types 1
and 2) in MT4 human T-Lymphocyte cells lines.

 Main idea :Euphorbia hirta has antiviral activities

 Supporting details :extracts of this plant inhibit replication of SIVmac251 (simian

immunodeficiency virus strain mac251), HIV1 and HIV-2 viruses (human immunodeficiency
virus types 1 and 2) in MT4 human T-Lymphocyte cells lines.
 PARAGRAPH 5
Sarala and Paknikar (2014) on their scientific literature review suggested
that Carica papaya leaf extract have beneficial properties in dengue due to
flavonoids and other phenols compound. The Carica papaya leaf extract also
rich several minerals which may balance the mineral deficiency caused by
dengue virus and strengthen the immune cells against it

 Main idea :Carica papaya leaf extract have

beneficial properties in dengue

 Supporting details :The Carica papaya

leaf extract also rich several minerals which may
balance the mineral deficiency caused by dengue virus and strengthen the immune cells against it
 Why the authors write the journal

To find out whether Psidium guajava (Guava), Euphorbia

hirta (Buffalo buffalo), Piper bettle L. (Betel), Carica
papaya (Papaya), Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric),
Phyllanthus niruri L. (Meniran), Andrographis paniculata
(Sambiloto), and Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass).
Has potential activity against dengue virus
 what method is used to write the journal?
Quantitative Method
Quantitative methods are a form of research
carried out in a systematic, structured, and
detailed manner. In its implementation, this
research method focuses on the use of
numbers, tables, graphs and diagrams to
display the results of data / information
obtained
what is the contents of the journal?
The journal contains research on several plants in
Indonesia such as Psidium guajava (Guava), Euphorbia
hirta (Buffalo buffalo), Piper bettle L. (Betel), Carica
papaya (Papaya), Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric /
turmeric) , Phyllanthus niruri L. (Meniran),
Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto), and Cymbopogon
citratus (Lemongrass). As an anti-dengue fever because
until now no vaccine has been found to cure dengue
fever
 Why did it become the contents of this
journal?
Because in the journal explained the
benefits obtained from some of these
plants and the contents contained
therein which are useful as dengue
antiviral
 Conclusion
Based on research conducted on eight plants in Indonesia that have the
potential to have antiviral activity, including Psidium guajava (Guava),
Euphorbia hirta (Buffalo buffalo), Piper bettle L. (Betel), Carica papaya
(Papaya), Curcuma longa L (Turmeric / turmeric), Phyllanthus niruri L.
(Meniran), Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto), and Cymbopogon citratus
(Lemongrass), produce based on initial screening tests of 8 herbal plant
extracts with a dose of 20μg / mL, Psidium guajava
(Guava) and Carica papaya (Papaya) have a cytotoxic effect of 11.3% and
2.5% and are able to inhibit dengue virus replication up to 92.6% and
89.5%, respectively. Dose dependent assay on P. guajava shows CC50, IC50
and selectivity index were 153.18 μg / mL, 7.2 μg / mL and 21.28,
respectively. Whereas C. Papaya shows CC50, IC50 and selectivity index
respectively 244.76 μg / mL, 6.57 μg / mL and 37.25
from these results it can be concluded that Psidium guajava and Carica
papaya have potential antiviral activity against dengue virus in vitro.