Agreements

Both, Either, Neither, So, Do

Both
Used to talk about two people, things, situations, etc, together.
Ambos
Both books are very good.
They both started speaking together.

Both…And
It combines two ideas in affirmative sentences
Tanto...quanto / Tanto...como
She is both pretty and intelligent.
She both dances and sings.
Either
One or (and) the other of two things or people [choice (separate), negative]
Tanto um quanto o outro, nenhum nem outro
You can read either book, I’m sure you’ll like
them.
I didn’t read either book.

Either…Or
Used to offer choice between two or more possibilities
Ou…Ou…
You can have either coffee or tea.
Neither
Not one or the other of two things or people [the same noun]
Nenhum

Neither book is boring.

Neither parents cares what happens to the
child.

Neither…Nor
It connects two negative ideas
Nem…Nem…

Neither Bob nor Joe came.

Agreements
With

either of, neither of and a plural [noun,

pronoun]

We can use a singular or plural verb.

However, we are more likely to use a
singular verb in careful written English.
Agreements

I don’t think either of them knows where

the money is.

Neither of the French athletes has won

this year.
Agreements
When a subject is made up of two or
more items joined by

Either…or, Neither…nor

we use a singular verb if the last item is

singular and a plural verb if the last item
is plural.
Agreements

Either the station or the cinema is a good

place to meet people.
Neither the principal nor the teachers are
to blame for the accident.
Either the teachers or the principal is/are to
blame for the accident.
So
Used to describe how something is, to emphasize

Why does life have to be so

complicated?

So
Used to give the reason why something happens, why someone does
something.

There was no food in the fridge so we

rang out for a pizza.
So
Used to talk about an idea, suggestion, situation etc that has been
mentioned before.

Will you need my umbrella? I don’t think so.

I don’t think I will need your umbrella.

Bill is giving us a lift. At least I presume so.

At least I presume he’s giving us a lift.

John took the work seriously and Petra

perhaps even more so.
And Petra even more took the work seriously.
So
Used to avoid repeating words and even sentences

Fay is a computer expert.

Tom is a computer expert.
Fay is a computer expert, and so is Tom.
[So]+[special verb]+[person]
Tom should stop smoking.
You should stop smoking.
Tony should stop smoking, so should you.
So
Used to avoid repeating words and even sentences

I have been to Europe.

Tracy has been to Europe.
I’ve been to Europe, and so has Tracy.

We will be at the airport at 8 sharp. So will

Mike.
Neither
Used to avoid repeating words and even sentences

Fay isn’t a computer expert.

Tom isn’t a computer expert.
Fay isn’t a computer expert, and neither is Tom.

[Neither]+[special verb]+[person]
Tom shouldn’t stop smoking.
You shouldn’t stop smoking.
Tony shouldn’t stop smoking, neither should you.
So, Nor, Neither
We can use so, nor and neither in short answers, instead of a short
answer with yes, or affirmative and negative auxiliaries

“Jack and Martha are here.”

“So they are.”
[Yes, they are.]

“I love listening to music.”

“So do I.”
[Yes, I love listening to music too.]
So, Nor, Neither
We can use so, nor and neither in short answers, instead of a short
answer with yes, no, or affirmative and negative auxiliaries

“I don’t like doing the supermarket.”

“Nor do I.”
[and I don’t like doing it either.]

“I don’t like doing the supermarket.”

“Neither do I.”
[and I don’t like doing it either.]