1.

Introduction
Cylinder liners may be divided into two general types—dry or wet.
 The dry liner does not come in contact with the coolant. Instead, it fits
closely against the wall of the cooling jacket in the cylinder block.
 With the wet liner, the coolant comes in direct contact with the liner. Wet
liners may have a cooling water space between the engine block and liner,
or they may have integral cooling passages. Liners with integral cooling
passages are sometimes referred to as water-jacket liners.

„Dry" Liner. Liner makes a

metal·to-metal contact with cylinder
"Wet" Liner. Liner ls casting containing water jacket
inserted Into cylinder [Power Magazine)
castlng to form water
jacket Fig.1.2
(Power M agazine)
Fig.1.1
Wet liner
Each cylinder is closed by a
cylinder head on top, which
contains valves.

Cylinders are housed in a

structure known as cylinder
block which is supported above
the crankcase.

The crankshaft is supported in

bearings which make part of the
bedplate.

Engine column or frame is

mounted on the bedplate and it
forms the crankcase.

The complete vertical structure

of the engine is held together by
tie rods (tie bolts).
2.Reading: Cylinder and crankcase
The cylinders of marine diesel engines are water cooled. The bore of each cylinder
is formed in a liner which can be replaced when worn out and which is surrounded by a
cooling water jacket. The water is in direct contact with the outer surface of the liner as a
result of which it is termed a "wet" liner. In the most usual arrangement cylinder liners are
enclosed in one cast iron casing forming a cylinder block. The cooling water jacket is
common to all the cylinders, but there are often dividing walls to ensure that each cylinder
receives the right amount and flow of water. Doors are provided on the cylinder casing,
through which the water spaces may be cleaned and inspected when overhauling the engine.
In an alternative construction the liners do not come in direct touch with the
cooling water but make a metal-to-metal contact with the cylinder casting which contains
the water jackets and are known as "dry"liners. These can be made fairly thin as the cylinder
casting itself withstands all stresses. Close contact between a dry liner and the casting is
absolutely necessary; if it is missing, considerable resistance to the heat flow results. The top
of each cylinder is closed by a cylinder head or cover held down by studs and nuts to the
cylinder block making a gas-tight seal between the head and the liner. The complete cylinder
block is supported above the crankcase by a structure which may take one of several forms.
A typical design of a slow speed marine diesel engine is shown in Fig.1.3. The
crankshaft is carried in bearings formed in a bedplate. On the bedplate is mounted a casting
termed the column or frame which forms the crankcase and supports the cylinder block. The
forces produced by the gas pressure in the cylinders are transmitted from the top of the
cylinder block directly to the bedplate by the tie bolts (tie rods).These bolts pass through all
the separate components of the structure, thus maintaining them in compression and
ensuring that all major tensile loads are carried by the steel members.
3. Text comprehension practice: a) match the following key words to their
definitions in English. Source: https://www.dictionary.com/

Bore Water jacket Wet liner Cast iron casing Cylinder block
Common
Dividing walls Overhauling Dry liner Withstand

housing made of cast iron

belonging equally to, or shared alike by, two or more or all in question
the inside diameter of a hole, tube, or hollow cylindrical object or device, such as
a bushing or bearing, engine cylinder, or barrel of a gun.
the metal casting in which the cylinders of an internal-combustion engine are bored.
to stand or hold out against; resist or oppose, especially successfully
to make necessary repairs on; restore to serviceable condition
the coolant comes in direct contact with the liner
plates that separate
does not come in contact with the coolant
a water-filled casing or compartment used to water-cool something, as
an engine or machine gun.
Text comprehension practice: a) match the following key words to their
definitions in English

Resistance Stud Nuts Crankcase Bearing Bedplate Transmit

a boss, knob, nail head, or other protuberance projecting from a surface or part
the housing that encloses the crankshaft, connecting rods, and allied parts.
the opposition offered by one thing, force, etc., to another

the support and guide for a rotating, oscillating, or sliding shaft, pivot, or wheel.
a block, usually of metal and generally square or hexagonal, perforated with a threaded 
hole so that it can be screwed down on

a plate, platform, or frame supporting the lighter parts of a machine
to convey or pass along (an impulse, force, motion, etc.)
b) Match the following key words to their Croatian equivalents:

Bore Water jacket Resistance Heat flow Cylinder head

Wet liner Cast iron casing Cylinder block Studs Nuts Gas-tight seal
Common Dividing walls Crankcase Bearing Bedplate
Overhauling Cylinder casting Column (frame)
Dry liner Withstand(v) Transmit (v) Tie bolt (tie rod) Tensile load

vijci temeljna ploča

suha košuljica kućište od lijevanog željeza kućište koljenastog vratila matice
zajednički mokra košuljica plinonepropusna brtva ležaj

razvodne stijene otvor kućište cilindra stalak motora, okvir (A-frame)

blok cilindra vodeni plašt prenositi kotveni vijak, kotvena šipka

pregled podnijeti vlačno naprezanje

glava cilindra strujanje topline otpor

 Vocabulary
 Bore- otvor
 Water jacket-vodeni plašt
 Wet liner-mokra košuljica
 Cast iron casing-kućište od lijevanog
željeza
 Cylinder block-blok cilindra
 Common-zajednički
 Dividing walls-razvodne stijene
 Overhauling-pregled
 Cylinder casting-kućište cilindra
 Dry liner-suha košuljica
 Withstand(v)- podnijeti
 Resistance- otpor
 Heat flow- strujanje topline
 Cylinder head-glava cilindra
 studs- vijci
 Nuts- matice
 Gas-tight seal- plinonepropusna brtva
 Crankcase- kućište koljenastog vratila
 Bearing- ležaj
 Bedplate- temeljna ploča
 Column (frame)- stalak motora, okvir (A-
frame)
 Transmit (v)-prenositi
 Tie bolt (tie rod)- kotveni vijak, kotvena
šipka
 Tensile load- vlačno naprezanje
4. Exercises - Make COMPOUND NOUNS from the phrases given
below:
 
a) Ex. water used for cooling the cylinder = cylinder cooling water
1. the gases of combustion produced in the cylinder
CYLINDER COMBUSTION GASES
2. the block of the cylinders manufactured from cast iron
CAST IRON CYLINDER BLOCK
3. the system of cooling by means of fresh water
FRESH WATER COOLING SYSTEM
4. valves for the control of the flow of water
WATER FLOW CONTROL VALVES
5. studs made from steel holding down the covers of cylinders
CYLINDER COVER STEEL STUDS
 
b) A gas-tight seal means a seat preventing any leak of gas. Form compound expressing:
1. a ring preventing any leak of air
AIR-TIGHT RING
2. a system of pipes preventing any leak of water
WATER-TIGHT PIPE SYSTEM
3. a tank for fuel preventing any leak of oil
OIL-TIGHT FUEL TANK
 
Study the examples listed below:
 
(a) Wear in a cylinder liner is mainly due to friction, abrasion and corrosion.
(b) After some time in service, the bore of the liners wears unevenly.
 The word wear is used as a noun in (a) and as a verb in (b)
 
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word choosing among WEAR (noun or
verb), WORE (past tense), WORN (past participle) and WEARING (gerund).
 
1. The use of wrong or _______ tools can cause damage.
2. When the valve seat _______, it must be renewed.
3. On the last voyage the liners __________ at an excessive rate due to the burning of low
grade fuel.
4. Do cylinder liners ___________ at a constant rate during the life of an engine?
5. During the first few months there is a rapid __________ . Afer that, the rate is reduced,
but _____________ away of the liners and piston rings continues.
 6. The usual practice is to renew cylinder liners when they have ________ 5-6 mm on the
diameter as a maximum.
 
5. Grammar: ODNOSNE REČENICE (Relative Clauses, Adjectival Clauses)
1.The bore of the cylinder is formed in a liner which can he replaced when
worn out and which is surrounded by a cooling water jacket.
2. Dry liners ... make a metal-to-metal contact with the cylinder casting which
contains the water jackets.
Istaknute rečenice opisuju (specificiraju) i pobliže označuju značenje
riječi na koje se odnose, tj. koju opisuju. Te su riječi uglavnom imenice kao npr. "liner"
i "water jacket" u gornjim primjerima. Relativne rečenice uvode se odnosnim
zamjenicama WHICH (za stvari), WHO, WHOSE, WHOM (za ljude) te THAT (za
stvari i ljude) i WHAT.
Budući da se odnose samo na imenicu ili imeničku grupu koju opisuju one se umeću u
strukturu rečenice.
3. For cooling purposes, the quantity of oil that flows through the piston is more
important than the temperature.
Odnosne rečenice imaju ulogu sličnu pridjevu, pa se stoga i nazivaju pridjevskim
rečenicama.
The auxillary engine - the engine that is used for auxillary purposes (i.e.lightning,
refrigeration, deck machinery, etc.)
I Link the following pairs of sentences with WHICH, WHO or THAT
omitting the unnecessary words.
Ex. The junior engineer was urgently taken to the hospital. He had seriously
injured his hand while replacing the liner.
The junior engineer, who had seriously injured his hand white
replacing the liner, was urgently taken to the hospital.

l. The cylinder block is covered by the cylinder head. In the cylinder block
the liners are fitted.
The cylinder block, in which the liners are fitted, is covered by the
cylinder head.
2. In Vee engines the top of the column has two sloping surfaces. On these
surfaces the cylinder blocks are placed.
In Vee engines the top of the column has two sloping surfaces on which
the cylinder blocks are placed.
3. The tie bolts connect the main parts of engine structure. They transmit
the forces produced by the gas pressure in the combustion chamber.
The tie bolts, which transmit the forces produced by the gas
pressure in the combustion chamber, connect the main parts of engine
structure.
4. The bedplate provides a support for the main bearings. The crankshaft is
carried by the main bearings.
The bedplate provides a support for the main bearings which carry the
crankshaft.

5. I have just talked to the Chief Engineer. He has been sailing for twenty years.
I have just talked to the Chief Engineer who has been sailing for
twenty years.

6. Doors are fitted to the cylinder casing. Through these doors the water spaces
may be cleaned and inspected.
Doors are fitted to the cylinder casing through which the water spaces
may be cleaned and inspected.

7. The Second and the Third Assistant Engineers shall report to the First
Assistant Engineer. He shall assign them the duty.
The Second and the Third Assistant Engineers shall report to the First
Assistant Engineer who shall assign them the duty.
8. The general maintenance and repairing works are to be done during the
drydocking in Rotterdam. We discussed and planned them last night. (Passive-
relative clause)
The general maintenance and repairing works, which were discussed
and planned last night, are to be done during the drydocking in Rotterdam.

9. Yesterday Mr. Brown joined ship to take over his duty. Mr Brown had been
appointed to the vacant post of Chief Engineer.
Yesterday Mr. Brown, who had been appointed to the vacant post of
Chief Engineer, joined ship to take over his duty.

10. Ship's spares must immediately be re-ordered. We have used some spares in
recent repairs. (Passive-relative clause)
Ship's spares, which have been used in recent repairs, must
immediately be re-ordered.
6. Translate into English
1. Poklopci, koji zatvaraju gornji kraj cilindra, su pričvršćeni usadnim vijcima na bloku
motora.

2 Vođa stroja, koji je primjetio kvar (failure) na kotlu, odmah je obavijestio oficira
stroja.

3. Kod brodskih motora koji su građeni u V-izvedbi (Vee-form) cilindarski blokovi

smješteni su (place) pod određenim kutom jedan prema drugom.

4. Voda koja se upotrebljava za hlađenje cilindra mora se prije ulaska u vodeni plašt
pročistiti.

5. Specijalni ručni moment-ključ (torque wrench) kojim se mogu pritezati (tighten)

kotveni vijci, uštedio je mnogo sati neugodnog (unpleasant) rada ispod poda (platform)
glavnog motora.