S U M M E R TRAINING REPORT

on

1 | P a g e
 By

AMIT JAISWAL

5808614

PERIOD OF
TRAINING: 18
JULY 011 ! " 0
AUGUST 011

 | P a g e
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express m y profound gratitude to our HOD and

a!! t"e fa#u!ty mem$ers of t"e Me#"ani#a!
Department for ta%ing
 pains to guide m e in t"e preparation of t"is pro&e#t
report It is a pre'i!ege to express m y "eartist t"an
%s to a!! mem$ers of CAD/CAM
S o l u t i o n s ( A m b a l a Cantt  for t"eir 'a!uea$!e suggestions
and #onstru#ti'e #riti#ism )as
!i%e a $a#on !ig"t and $e#omes a sour#e of
inspiration during m y preparation Aof M I T t"is
* A I + W pro&e#t
AL
report ,o!!
No- ./0/123

#  | P a g e
 4, E 5A C E

C A D 6 C A M is a term )"i#" means Computer Aided Design 7

Computer Aided Manufa#turing It is t"e te#"no!ogy #on#erned )it"
t"e use of digita! #omputers to perform #ertain fun#tions in design
and produ#tion E!e#troni#s $rains in t"e form of mi#ropro#essors
are parts of #ars ) e dri'e( t"e p!anes in )"i#" ) e f!y( t"e te!
e'isions ) e )at#" and t"e automated too!s ) e use to produ#e
su#" produ#ts T"e Computer Aided Design or C A D systems are
used to design su#" produ#ts

T"e C A D "ard)are typi#a!!y in#!udes #omputer( one or

more grap"i#s disp!ay termina!s( %ey)ords and ot"er perip"era!
e8uipment T"e C A D soft)are #onsists of t"e #omputer programs
to fa#i!itate t"e engineering fun#tions of t"e user #ompany
Examp!es of t"ese app!i#ation programs in#!ude stress9strain ana!
ysis of #omponents( dynami#s response of me#"anisms( "eat
transfer #a!#u!ations and #ustomers mar%ers are different

T"ese fa#tors gi'e rise to differen#es in C A D

systems re8uirements :!timate!y C A D 6 C A M )i!! pro'ide t"e
te#"no!ogy $ase for t"e #omputer9integrated fa#tory of t"e future

4  | P a g e
 C O N TEN T+

 Introdu#tion to AutoCAD
 G : I of A u t o C A D
 C o m m a n d s in A u t o C A D
 Layers
 ;ie)ports
 Exer#ises
 +amp!e <
2
 +amp!e <
=
 +amp!e <
>
 +amp!e <
3
 +amp!e
< .
 > D in A u t o C A D
 > D #ommands
 > D Exer#ises
 +amp!e <
2
 +amp!e <
=

5  | P a g e
 AutoCAD

AutoCAD( de'e!oped $y Autodes% In#( is t"e most popu!ar 4 C <

CAD system a'ai!a$!e in t"e mar%et T"is design pa#%age is a
genera! purpose #omputer aided design and drafting app!i#ation
for your #omputer T"e speed and ease )it" )"i#" a dra)ing
#an $e prepared and modified using a #omputer offer a
p"enomena! ad'antage o'er "and preparation

Here I?m going to mention a fe) of t"e app!i#ations

for )"i#" A u t o C A D is $eing used today-9

Ar#"ite#tura! dra)ings of a!! %inds

Interior designs on fa#i!ity p!anning

Dra)ings for E!e#troni#s( C"emi#a!( Ci'i!( Me#"ani#a!(
Automoti'es and Aerospa#e engineering app!i#ations

T"eatre set !ig"ting designs

Line dra)ing for t"e 5ine Arts( Texti!es( 5as"ion and
Dress
designing

+ o m e ot"er C A D pa#%ages de'e!oped $y t"e same #ompany

are-9

Auto +"ade

Auto 5!ix

Auto Ket#"

Animator 

> D +tudio

AutoCAD
6  | P a g e
+#reen
;arious #omponents of t"e initia! AutoCAD s#reen are dra)ing
area( #ommand ) i n d o ) ( menu $ar( se'era! too!$ars( mode! and
!ayouts( and t"e status $ar @5g
i 

2 A tit!e $ar t"at "as AutoCAD
sym$o! and t"e #urrent dra)ing name is disp!ayed on top of t"e
s#reen

Figure 1 AutoCAD Screen

$ | P a g e
 +C,EEN COM4ONENT+

Dra)ing Area
T"e dra)ing area #o'ers t"e ma&or portion of t"e s#reen Here )
e #an dra) t"e o$&e#ts and use t"e #ommands To dra) t"e
o$&e#ts( ) e need to define t"e #oordinate points( )"i#" #an $e
se!e#ted $y using our pointing de'i#e

Command Windo)

Figure 2 Command Window

T"e # o m m a n d )indo) at t"e $ottom of t"e dra)ing area "as t"e

# o m m a n d prompt )"ere ) e #an enter t"e #ommands It a!so
disp!ays t"e su$se8uent prompt se8uen#es and t"e messages W e
#an #"ange t"e siBe of t"e )indo) $y p!a#ing t"e #ursor on t"e
top edge and t"en dragging it

App!i#ation +tatus
ar

Figure 3 Application Status Bar

T"e +tatus ar is disp!ayed at t"e $ottom of t"e s#reen @5ig

> It #ontains some usefu! information and $uttons t"at )i!! ma
%e it easy to

8 | P a g e
#"ange t"e status of some AutoCAD fun#tions We #an togg!e $et)een
on and off states of most of t"ese fun#tions $y #"oosing t"em

 Coordinates

T"e #oordinates information is disp!ayed on t"e !eft #orner of t"e +tatus a
r We
#an se!e#t t"is #oordinate $utton to togg!e $et)een on and off states I f t"e
C O O , D + system 'aria$!e #ontro!s t"e type of disp!ay of #oordinates

 +nap Mode

T"e snap mode a!!o)s you to mo'e t"e #ursor in fixed in#rements If snap mode is
on( t"e Snap M o d e $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus 
ar ot"er)ise it is not disp!
ayed

 Grid Disp!ay

T " e grid !ines are used as a referen#e !ines to d r a ) o$&e#ts in AutoCAD If t"e
Grid Display $utton is #"osen( t"e grid !ines are disp!ayed on t"e s#reen

 Ort"o Mode

 If t"e Ortho Mode $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( ) e #an d r a ) !ines at rig"t
ang!es on!y

 4o!ar Tra#%ing

If ) e turn t"e po!ar tra#%ing on( t"e mo'ement of #ursor is restri#ted a!ong a pat"
 $ased on set as t"e po!ar ang!e settings C"oosing t"e Polar Tracking $utton in t"e
+tatus arturns it on,emem$er t"at turning t"e po!ar tra#%ing on( automati#a!!y
turns off t"e ort"o mode

% | P a g e
 O$&e#t +nap

W " e n t"e O$&e#t +nap $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( ) e #an use t"e
running o$&e#t snaps to snap a point

 A!!o)6Disa!!o) Dynami# : C +

C"oosing t"e $utton a!!o)s or disa!!o)s t"e use of dynami# :C+ A!!
o)ing t"e dynami# : C + ensures t"at t"e F p!ane of t"e : C + got
dynami#a!!y a!igned )it" t"e se!e#ted fa#e of t"e mode!

 Dynami# Input

T"e Dynamic input $utton is used to turn t"e Dynami# Input on or off

Turning it on fa#i!itates t"e "eads9up design approa#" $e#ause a!!
#ommands( prompts and t"e dimensiona! inputs )i!! n o ) $e disp!ayed in
t"e dra)ing area and ) e do not need to !oo% at t"e # o m m a n d prompt a!!
t"e time T"is sa'es t"e design time and a!so in#reases t"e effi#ien#y of
t"e user

 +"o)6Hide Line)eig"t

C"oosing t"is $utton in t"e +tatus ar a!!o)s you to turn on or off t"e
disp!ay of 
!ine)eig"ts in t"e dra)ing

 Mode!

T"e Mode! $utton is #"osen $y defau!t $e#ause you are )or%ing in t"e
mode! spa#e to #reate dra)ings

1 0 | P a g e
 Annotation +#a!e

T"e annotation s#a!e #ontro!s t"e siBe and disp!ay of t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts in t"e
mode! spa#e T"e Annotation +#a!e $utton "as a drop9do)n !ist t"at disp!ays a!! t"e
annotation s#a!es a'ai!a$!e for t"e #urrent dra)ing

 Annotation ;isi$i!ity

T " is $utton is used to #ontro! t"e 'isi$i!ity of t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts t"at do not
support t"e #urrent annotation s#a!e in dra)ing area

 Automati#a!!y Add +#a!e

T " is $utton( if #"osen( automati#a!!y adds a!! t"e annotation s#a!es t"at are set
#urrent to a!! t"e annotati'e o$&e#ts present in t"e dra)ing

 ui#% 4roperties

If you se!e#t a s%et#"ed entity ) " e n t"is $utton is #"osen in t"e +tatus ar( t"e
 properties of se!e#ted entity ) i ! ! $e disp!ayed in a pane!

1 1 | P a g e
 COMMAND+

 LINE
Line # o m m a n d is used to dra) a #ontinuing series of !ine segments( $ut
ea#" !ine segment is a separate o$&e#t W e #an in'o%e t"e L I N E   # o m m a n d
from t"e D r a ) too!$ar( as s"o)n in fig 3

Figure 4 Draw Toolar

W e #an a!so in'o%e t"e LINE #ommand $y entering LINE or L at t"e

#ommand
 prompt On#e you "a'e in'o%ed t"e LINE #ommand( t"e next prompt( t"e
Specify first point( re8uires us to spe#ify t"e starting point After first
point is se!e#ted( A u t o C A D )i!! prompt you to enter t"e se#ond point at
t"e Specify net point
 prompt At t"is point ) e m a y #ontinue to se!e#t points or terminate t"e
LINE # o m m a n d $y pressing E N T E , ( E+C( or t"e +4ACEA, T"e
prompt se8uen#e of in'o%ing L I N E   # o m m a n d is as fo!!o)s-

C o m m a n d - L I N E  Enter

+pe#ify first point- Move the cursor (mouse) and left click to specify the first
point.

+pe#ify next point or :ndoJ-  Move the cursor and left click to specify the
second 
 point.

+pe#ify next point or :ndoJ- Specify the third point.

+pe#ify next point or C!ose6:ndoJ-

Enter @4ress E N T E , to exit L I N E

#ommand
1 | P a g e
  LINE
T"e ! L I N E   # o m m a n d #an $e used to dra) #onstru#tion or pro&e#tion !ines
T"ese
!ines are t"e !ines t"at aid in #onstru#tion or pro&e#tion and are dra)n
'ery !ig"t!y(
) " e n manua!!y drafting A n line @#onstru#tion !ine is a > D !ine t"at
extends to infinity at $ot" ends A s t"e !ine is infinite in !engt"( it
does not "a'e any end
 points T"e prompt se8uen#e of in'o%ing t"e ! L I N E   # o m m a n d is as fo!!
o)s-

C o m m a n d - LINE  Enter 

+pe#ify a point or Hor6;er6Ang6se#t6OffsetJ- Specify an option or select a

point t 4LINE
hrough which the xline will pass.

T " e P L I N E # o m m a n d is used to dra) a po!y!ine A po!y!ine is a !ine

t"at "as different features T"e term 4 O L F L I N E #an $e $ro%en into t)o
parts- 4 O L F and LINE 4 O L F means many T"is signifies t"at a po!
y !ine #an "a'e m a n y !ines
+ o m e features of po!y!ines are !isted next

4o!y!ines #an $e t"i#% !ines )it" a desired )idt" T"ey are 'ery f!exi$!e
and #an $e used to dra) any s"ape( su#" as a fi!!ed #ir#!e or a doug"nut

4o!y!ines #an $e used to dra) o$&e#ts in any !ine type

Ad'an#ed editing # o m m a n d s #an $e used to edit t"em @for examp!e( t"e

4 E D I T #ommand

T"e # o m m a n d prompt for in'o%ing t"e P L I N E   # o m m a n d is as

fo!!o)s- C o m m a n d - PLINE  Enter 

+pe#ify start point- Specify the starting point or enter its

coordinates.

Current !ine )idt" is nnnnn

1#  | P a g e
"urrent line #idth is nn$nnn is disp!ayed automati#a!!y( )"i#" indi#ates
t"e
)idt" of t"e po!y!ine dra)n If ) e need a different )idt"( in'o%e t"e
Widt" option at t"e next prompt and set it Next t"e fo!!o)ing prompt is
disp!ayed

+pe#ify next point or Ar#6Ha!f)idt"6Lengt"6:ndo6Widt"J- Specify next point

or enter an option.

 4OLFGON
A regu!ar po!ygon is a #!osed geometri# figure )it" e8ua! sides T"e
num$er of side 'aries from % to &'() 5or examp!e( a triang!e is a t"ree sided
po!ygon and a
 pentagon is a fi'e sided po!ygon In A ut o CA D( t"e P O L * G O N # o m m a n d
is used to dra) regu!ar = D po!ygons A po!ygon is said to $e
inscri+ed )"en it is dra)n inside an imaginary #ir#!e and its 'erti#es
tou#" t"e #ir#!e Li%e)ise( a po!ygon is circumscri+ed )"en it is dra)n
outside imaginary #ir#!e and sides of po!ygon are tangent to #ir#!e W e #an
easi!y #"oose one option from t"ese t)o a'ai!a$!e options during t"e
in'o%ing pro#ess T "e prom pt se8uen#e of in'o%ing P O L * G O N
# o m m a n d is gi'en next

C o m m a n d - P O L * G O N , Enter 

Enter num$er of sides 3- Enter a value between 3 and !"#.

+pe#ify #enter of po!ygon- Specify the center point or enter its coordinates.

Enter an option Ins#ri$ed in #ir#!e6Cir#ums#ri$ed a$out #ir#!eJ-  Enter $ or

%.

+pe#ify radius of #ir#!e- Specify the radius of circle& which will inscribe or circumscribe
the polygon.
 ,ECTANG
T"e - E " T . N G   # o m m a n d is used to dra) re#tang!es in AutoCAD W e #an
dra) re#tang!es $y spe#ifying t)o opposite #orners of t"e re#tang!e( $y
spe#ifying t"e area and t"e siBe of one of t"e sides( or $y spe#ifying t"e
dimensions of re#tang!es T"e prompt se8uen#e of in'o%ing
-1 4E |"PTa.gNeG   # o m m a n d is as fo!!o)s-
Command- , E C T A N G  Enter 

+pe#ify first #orner point or C"amfer6E!e'ation65i!!et6T"i#%ness6Widt"J- Specify

 first corner point or enter its coordinates.

+pe#ify ot"er #orner point or Area6Dimensions6,otationJ- Specify opposite corner 

 point or enter its coordinates.

 A,C
An ar# is defined as a part of a #ir#!e In AutoCAD( it #an $e dra)n using t"e . - "
#ommand AutoCAD pro'ides e!e'en different options to d r a ) an ar# To ' i e )
t"ese options( #!i#% on Dra# option in t"e Menu ar( a f!yout option ) i ! ! appear as
s " o ) n in fig .

Figure ! "ptions in # e n u Bar $or Creating an Arc

1 5 | P a g e
T " e defau!t setting is for #reating a t"ree point ar# T " e #ommand prompt fon
ri o
'
%n
ig .- "   #o mma nd is as fo!!o)s-

Command- A , C  Enter 

+pe#ify start point of ar# or CenterJ- Specify first point of arc or enter its
coordinates.

+pe#ify se#ond point of ar# or Center6EndJ- Specify the through point for arc
or enter its coordinates.

+pe#ify t"e end point of ar#- Specify the end point or enter its coordinates.

1 6 | P a g e
  CI,CLE
T"e " I - " L E # o m m a n d is used to dra) #ir#!es A u t o C A D pro'ides six
different options to dra) a #ir#!e T o 'ie) and #"oose from t"e a'ai!a$!e
options( #!i#% on D r a ) option in t"e M e n u ar( a f!yout )i!! appear as
s"o)n in fig 1

Figure % "ptions in # e n u Bar $or creating a

Circle

T"e defau!t setting is for #reating a #ir#!e )it" Center and ,adius option
T"e ot"er options #an $e in'o%ed $y entering t"e appropriate !etter in t"e # o m m a n d
)indo) or $y t"e met"od stated ear!ier T"e prompt se8uen#e for in'o
%ing C I , C L E # o m m a n d is stated next

C o m m a n d - C I , C L E  Enter 

+pe#ify #enter point for #ir#!e or >46=46Ttr @tan tan radiusJ- Specify center
point or enter its coordinates.

+pe#ify radius of #ir#!e or DiameterJ- Enter the re'uired value of radius.

1$  | P a g e
  ELLI4+E
If a #ir#!e is o$ser'ed from an ang!e( t"e s"ape is #a!!ed an e!!ipse( )"i#"
#an $e #reated in A u t o C A D using t"e ELLIPSE #ommand A n e!!ipse #an
$e #reated $y t)o different options and t"ese options are grouped toget"er
in t"e D r a ) option of t"e M e n u ar as s"o)n in fig

Figure & "ptions in # e n u Bar $or creating an

'llipse

T"e defau!t setting is for #reating an e!!ipse )it" Axis and E nd point
option T"e Ot"er options #an $e in'o%ed $y entering t"e appropriate !
etter in t"e # o m m a n d
)indo) or $y met"od stated a$o'e T"e prompt se8uen#e for in'o%ing
ELLIPSE
# o m m a n d is stated next

C o m m a n d - E L L I 4 + E  Enter 

+pe#ify axis endpoint of e!!ipse or Ar#6CenterJ-  Enter coordinates of axis

end 
 point
18  | P a or
g e choose an option.
+pe#ify ot"er endpoint of axis- Specify other end point or enter its
coordinates.

+pe#ify distan#e to t"e ot"er axis or rotationJ- Specify the half length of
second axis.

 E,A+E
After dra)ing some o$&e#ts( you m a y need to erase some of t"em from t"e
s#reen To erase( ) e #an use E - . S E   # o m m a n d in AutoCAD T"is
# o m m a n d is used exa#t!y t"e same ) a y as an eraser is used in manua!
drafting to de!ete un)anted information W e #an in'o%e E - . S E   # o m m a n d
from t"e Modify too!$ar 

Figure ( # od i $ ) Toolar

W " e n ) e in'o%e t"e E - . S E   # o m m a n d ( a sma!! $ox( %no)n as pi#%

$ox( rep!a#es t"e s#reen #ursor T o erase an o$&e#t( m o ' e t"e pi#% $ox
so t"at it tou#"es t"e o$&e#t +e!e#t t"e o$&e#t A u t o C A D #onfirms t"e se!
e#tion $y #"anging t"e se!e#ted o$&e#ts into das"ed !ines and t"e se!e#t
o$&e#ts prompt returns again W e #an #ontinue se!e#ting o$&e#ts or press
E N T E , to terminate o$&e#t se!e#tion and erase t"e se!e#ted o$&e#ts T"e
prompt se8uen#e is gi'en next

C o m m a n d - E , A + E  Enter 

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Select first obect.

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Select second obect.

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter 

 CO4F
T " e " O P *   # o m m a n d is used to #opy an existing o$&e#t T"is # o m m a n d
ma%es #opies of t"e se!e#ted o$&e#ts and p!a#es t"em at spe#ified !
o#ations( $ut t"e origna!s are !eft inta#t In t"is # o m m a n d ) e need to se!
e#t t"e o$&e#ts and spe#ify t"e $ase point Next ) e need to spe#ify t"e
se#ond point( t"is point is )"ere ) e

1%  | P a g e
)ant t"e #opied o$&e#ts to $e p!a#ed T"e prompt se8uen#e t"at is fo!!o)ed
)"en you in'o%e " O P *   # o m m a n d is gi'en next

C o m m a n d - C O 4 F  Enter 

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Select obects to copy.

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter 

+pe#ify $ase point or Disp!a#ement6mOdeJ Disp!a#ement- Specify base

point.

+pe#ify se#ond point or use first point as disp!a#ement- Specify a new

position on the screen using pointing device or entering coordinates.

+pe#ify se#ond point or Exit6:ndoJ Exit- Enter

MI,,O, 
T"e M I - - O -     # o m m a n d #reates a mirror #opy of t"e se!e#ted o$&e#ts T"e
o$&e#ts #an $e mirrored at any ang!e T"is # o m m a n d is "e!pfu! in dra)ing
symmetri#a! figures T"is # o m m a n d is a'ai!a$!e in Modify too!$ar $ut it
#an $e in'o%ed $y using # o m m a n d )i n do ) as )e!! W " e n ) e in'o%e
t"is #ommand( A u t o C A D
 prompts us to se!e#t t"e o$&e#ts and t"en t"e mirror !ine

After ) e se!e#t t"e o$&e#ts to $e mirrored( A u t o C A D prompts you to

enter t"e first point of mirror !ine and t"e se#ond point of mirror !ine A
mirror !ine is an imaginary !ine a$out )"i#" o$&e#ts are ref!e#ted W e #an
spe#ify t"e end point of mirror !ine $y spe#ifying points on s#reen or $y
entering t"eir #oordinates T"e mirror !ine #an $e se!e#ted at any ang!e
T"e prompt se8uen#e of in'o%ing M I , , O , # o m m a n d is gi'en next

C o m m a n d - M I , , O ,  Enter 

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Select obects to be mirrored.

+e!e#t o$&e#ts- Enter 

+pe#ify first point of mirror !ine- Specify the first endpoint.

0 | P a g e
+pe#ify se#ond point of mirror !ine- Specify the second endpoint.

De!ete sour#e o$&e#ts Fes6NoJ N-  Enter  for deletion& * for retaining
the obects.

 O55+ET
T o dra) para!!e! !ines( #on#entri# #ir#!es( ar#s( #ur'es( and so on( ) e #an
use t"e O//SET #ommand T"is # o m m a n d #reates anot"er o$&e#t t"at is
simi!ar to t"e se!e#ted one , e m e m $ e r t"at ) e are a!!o)ed to se!e#t on!y
one entity at a time to
 $e offset W"i!e offsetting an o$&e#t( ) e #an spe#ify t"e offset distan#e and
t"e side
to offset( or ) e #an spe#ify a distan#e t"roug" )"i#" you )ant to offset
t"e se!e#ted o$&e#t T"e prompt se8uen#e )"i#" fo!!o)s ) " e n ) e in'o%e
O//SET # o m m a n d using # o m m a n d )indo) is gi'en next

C o m m a n d - O 5 5 + E T  Enter 

+pe#ify offset distan#e or T"roug"6Erase6LayerJ T"roug"- Specify the

offset distance.

Through Option

:sing t"is option ) e do not need to spe#ify a distan#e ) e simp!y spe#ify

an offset
 point and t"e distan#e $et)een t"em is stored as offset distan#e

Erase Option

T"e Erase option is used to spe#ify )"et"er t"e sour#e o$&e#t "as to $e de!
eted or not

Layer Option

:se t"e Layer option to spe#ify )"et"er t"e offset entity )i!! $e p!a#ed
in t"e #urrent !ayer or t"e !ayer of sour#e o$&e#t

Q
1 | P a g e
+pe#ify t"e o$&e#t to offset or Exit6:ndoJ Exit- Specify the obect to
offset.

+pe#ify point on side to offset or Exit6Mu!tip!e6:ndo- Specify a point on

side to offset.

+e!e#t o$&e#t to offset or Exit6:ndoJ Exit- Select another obect to offset

or 
 press Enter

A,,AF
A n array is defined as t"e met"od of #reating mu!tip!e #opies of t"e se!
e#ted o$&e#t and arranging t"em in a re#tangu!ar or #ir#u!ar fas"ion In
some dra)ings( ) e m a y need to spe#ify an o$&e#t mu!tip!e times in a
re#tangu!ar or #ir#u!ar arrangement 5or examp!e( suppose you "a'e to
dra) six #"airs around a ta$!e T"is &o$ #an $e a##omp!is"ed $y dra)ing
ea#" #"air seperate!y or $y using t"e C O 4 F # o m m a n d toma%e mu!tip!e
#opies of t"e #"air ut it is a 'ery tedious pro#ess and a!so t"e a!
ignment of t"e #"airs )i!! "a'e to $e ad&usted :sing . - - . *   # o m m a n d ( a!!
) e need to do is #reate &ust one #"air and t"e remaining fi'e )i!! $e
#reated and automati#a!!y arranged around t"e ta$!e $y t"e
.--.* #ommand T"is met"od is more effi#ient and !ess time9#onsuming

. - - . *   # o m m a n d #an $e in'o%ed $y different met"ods su#" as from

Modify too!$ar( or $y ma%ing use of t"e C o m m a n d Windo)( or from t"e
Modify option of Menu ar

-E"T.NG0L.- .--.*

A re#tangu!ar array is formed $y ma%ing #opies of t"e se!e#ted o$&e#t a!ong

t"e  and F dire#tions of an imaginary re#tang!e @a!ong ro)s and #o!
umns It #an $e #reated $y se!e#ting t"e -ectangular .rray $utton in
t"e array dia!og $ox @fig R t"at appears on in'o%ing .--.* #omand

-O1S

T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e num$er of ro)s in re#tangu!ar array

 | P a g e
"OL0MNS

T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e num$er of #o!umns in t"e re#tangu!
ar array

Figure * +ectangular Arra) option in Arra) dialog o,

Offset distance and direction .rea

T"e options under t"is area are used to define t"e distan#e $et)een t"e
ro)s and t"e #o!umns and t"e ang!e of array

- o # Offset$ T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e distan#e $et)een t"e

ro)s W e #an eit"er enter t"e distan#e 'a!ue in t"is edit $ox or #"oose
t"e Pick - o # Offset
 $utton to define t"e ro) offset distan#e $y spe#ifying t)o points on
s#reen

" o l u m n Offset$ T"is edit $ox is used to spe#ify t"e distan#e $et)een

t"e #o!umns W e #an eit"er enter t"e distan#e 'a!ue in t"is edit $ox or
#"oose t"e Pick "olumn Offset $utton to define t"e #o!umn offset distan#e $y
spe#ifying t)o
 points on s#reen

.ngle of .rrray$ T"is edit $ox is used to define t"e ang!e of array

T"is is t"e 'a!ue $y )"i#" t"e ro)s and #o!umns )i!! $e rotated
# | P a g e
POL.- .--.*

A po!ar array is an arrangement of t"e o$&e#ts around a point in a #ir#u!ar

fas"ion T"is %ind of array is #reated $y se!e#ting t"e Polar .rray $utton
in t"e Array dia!og $ox @fig 20 t"at appears on in'o%ing
.--.* #ommand

Figure 1 - .ol a r Arra) option in Arrra) dialog o,

" E N T E - POINT

T"e #enter point of t"e array is defined as t"e point around )"i#" t"e
se!e#ted items )i!! $e arranged It is defined as t"e #enter point of t"e
imaginary #ir#!e on
)"ose #ir#umferen#e t"e items )i!! $e p!a#ed T"e #oordinates of t"e
#enter of 
array #an $e spe#ified in t"e  and F edit $oxes W e #an eit"er enter t"e
'a!ues in t"ese edit $oxes or se!e#t t"e #enter point of array from t"e
s#reen using Pick "enter Point $utton

M e t h o d and 2alues .rea

T"e options under t"is area are used to set t"e parameters re!ated to t"e
met"od t"at
)i!! $e emp!oyed to #reate t"e po!ar array

4 | PMethod$ T"is
a ge drop9do)n !ist pro'ides us t"ree met"ods for #reating t"e po!
ar arrayT"ese t"ree met"ods are dis#ussed next
 Total n u m + e r of items 3 .ngle to fill$  T"is met"od is used to #reate
a po!ar array spe#ifying num$er of items in array an t"e tota! in#!uded ang!e
$et)een t"e first and t"e !ast item T"e num$er of items and t"e ang!e
to $e fi!!ed #an $e spe#ified in t"e Total n u m + e r of items and .ngle to
fill edit $oxes respe#ti'e!y W e #an a!so spe#ify t"e ang!e to fi!! on s#reen
$y #"oosing .ngle to fill  $utton
 pro'ided

Total n u m + e r of items 3 .ngle +et#een items$ T"is met"od is

used )"en ) e
)ant to #reate a po!ar array $y spe#ifying t"e tota! num$er of items in
t"e array and t"e in#!uded ang!e $et)een t)o ad&a#ent items T"e ang!e
$et)een items is a!so
#a!!ed as in#rementa! ang!e T"e num$er items and t"e ang!e $et)een
t"e items #an
 $e spe#ified in t"e Total n u m + e r of items and .ngle +et#een items 
edit
 $oxes(respe#ti'e!y W e #an a!so spe#ify t"eang!e $et)een items on t"e
s#reen $y #"oosing .ngle +et#een items $utton

.ngle to fill 3 .ngle +et#een items$ T"is met"od is used ) " e n ) e )

ant to spe#ifyang!e $et)een t"e items and tota! ang!e to fi!! In t"is #ase
t"e num$er of items is not spe#ified( $ut is automati#a!!y #a!#u!ated using t"e
  Mang!e
tota! O ; Eand ang!e $et)een t"e items T"e ang!e to fi!! and t"e ang!e
$et)een t"e items #an $e entered in t"eir respe#ti'e $oxes
+ometimes t"e o$&e#ts are not !o#ated )"ere t"ey s"ou!d a#tua!!y $e In
t"ese situations( ) e #an use t"e M O ; E #ommand T"is # o m m a n d a!!o)s
you to m o ' e one or more o$&e#ts from t"eir #urrent !o#ation to a n e ) !
o#ation T"is #"ange of 
!o#ation of t"e o$&e#ts does not #"ange t"eir siBe or orientation O n in'o
%ing t"is # o m m a n d ) e are prompted to se!e#t o$&e#ts to $e m o' e d and t"e
$ase point T"is
 $ase point is t"e referen#e point )it" )"i#" t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e pi#%ed and
mo'ed

5 | P a g e
 ,OTATE
+ometimes ) e re8uires an o$&e#t or any s%et#" in angu!ar positiont"e In
t"ese situations( ) e #an use t"e , O T A T E #ommand T"is # o m m a n d a!!o)s
you to rotate one or more o$&e#ts from t"eir #urrent !o#ation to a spe#ifi#
ang!e T"is #"ange of of t"e o$&e#ts does not #"ange t"eir siBe O n in'o
%ing t"is # o m m a n d ) e are
 prompted to se!e#t o$&e#ts to $e rotated and t"e $ase point T"is $ase point
is t"e referen#e point )it" )"i#" t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e rotated

+CALE
Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( ) e #an in#rease or de#rease t"e siBe of any
o$&e#t or a s%et#" +ometimes ) e re8uires an o$&e#t in num$ers( on!y )it"
t"e differen#e of siBes +o in t"is situation( ) e #an use t"e + C A L E #ommand
T"is # o m m a n d a!!o)s you to s#a!e one or more o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted
$ase point O n in'o%ing t"is # o m m a n d ) e are prompted to se!e#t o$&e#ts
to $e s#a!ed and t"e $ase point T"is
 $ase point is t"e referen#e point )it" )"i#" t"e o$&e#t )i!! $e s#a!ed

+T,ETCH
Wit" t"e use of t"is # o m m a n d ( ) e #an in#rease or de#rease t"e siBe of
some se!e#ted part of any o$&e#t in a spe#ifi# dire#tion In t"is
#ommand( t"e s%et#" is stret#"ed as m u # " ) e re8uired +ometimes ) e
re8uires an o$&e#t in num$ers( on!y
)it" t"e differen#e of siBes some part of t"e s%et#"ed o$&e#t +o in t"is
situation(
) e #an use t"e + T , E T C H #ommand T"is # o m m a n d a!!o)s you to
stret#" t"e o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted $ase point O n in'o%ing t"is
# o m m a n d ) e are prompted
to se!e#t t"e portion to $e s#a!ed )it" t"e "e!p of green )indo) and t"e
$ase point T"is $ase point is t"e referen#e point )it" )"i#" t"e o$&e#t )
i!! $e stret#"ed

6 | P a g e
 T,IM
Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( ) e #an remo'e t"e !ine or any s%et#"ed
entity In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is trimmed as m u # " ) e re8uired It
remo'es t"e extra dra)n !ine or s%et#" as per our spe#ifi# re8uirement
T"is # o m m a n d a!!o)s you to trim t"e o$&e#ts from t"e se!e#ted side O n
in'o%ing t"is #ommand( ) e "a'e to rig"t #!i#% in t"e dra)ing area and )
e are prompted to !eft #!i#% on t"e portion to
 $e trimmed

ETEND
Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( ) e #an in#rease t"e !ine t"e !ine upto t"e
spe#ifi#
 point or !o#ation In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is extended as m u # " ) e
re8uired It remo'es t"e extra dra)n !ine or s%et#" as per our spe#ifi#
re8uirement O n
in'o%ing t"is #om mand( ) e "a'e to rig"t #!i#% in t"e dra)ing area and )
e are
 prompted to !eft #!i#% on t"e portion to $e extend
,EAK AT A 4OINT
Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( ) e #an $rea% t"e !ine at a point )"ere ) e
re8uired In t"is #ommand( t"e s%et#" is $ro%en from t"at point )"ere ) e
re8uired W e #an #reate t"e num$er of $rea% points as m u # " ) e re8uired
O n in'o%ing t"is #ommand( ) e "a'e to se!e#t t"e !ine and after t"at #!i#%
on t"at point from )"ere
) e )ant to $rea% t"e se!e#ted !ine( after using t"is # o m m a n d t"e !ine or
any se!e#ted entity )i!! $e #on'erted into num$ers

$ | P a g e
 ,EAK 
Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( ) e #an $rea% t"e !ine )it" a spe#ifi#
distan#e or upto a spe#ifi# point as m u # " ) e re8uired O n in'o%ing t"is
#ommand( ) e "a'e to se!e#t t"e point on t"e !ine and after t"at #!i#% on
t"at point upto )"ere ) e )ant to
 $rea% t"e !ine After using t"is # o m m a n d on t"e !ine or any se!e#ted entity(
t"ere
)i!! $e spa#e $et)een t"e s!e!e#ted points in t"e !ine or entity

*OIN
Wit" t"e use of t"is #ommand( ) e #an &oin t"e !ine dra)n or p!a#ed in
t"e same
 p!ane O n in'o%ing t"is #ommand( ) e "a'e to se!e#t t"e first !ine and after
t"at se#ond !ine p!a#ed at t"e same p!ane and t"en rig"t #!i#% After using
t"is # o m m a n d ( t"ere )i!! $e no spa#e $et)een t"e !ines or entities

CHAM5E, 
T"is # o m m a n d is used for remo'ing t"e s"arp #orners O n in'o%ing t"is
#ommand(
) e "a'e to press A t"en E N T E , ( after t"at fi!! t"e distan#e and t"en
E N T E , ( t"en fi!! t"e 'a!ue of A N G L E and E N T E , ( after t"at se!e#t t"e !
ine on )"i#" ) e )ant to
#reate t"e #"amfer

5ILLET
T"is # o m m a n d is used for remo'ing t"e s"arp #orners O n in'o%ing t"is
#ommand(
) e "a'e to press , t"en E N T E , ( after t"at fi!! t"e 'a!ue and t"en E N T E ,
( after t"at se!e#t t"e !ines on )"i#" ) e )ant to #reate t"e radius

8 | P a g e
 ,EGION
T"is # o m m a n d is used for #on'erting t"e re!ation of L I N E into 4OLFLINE
efore using t"is # o m m a n d t"e s%et#" s"ou!d $e #!osed from a!! sides
O n in'o%ing t"is #ommand( ) e "a'e to se!e#t a!! !ines and t"en rig"t #!i#
%

E4LODE
T"is # o m m a n d is used for #on'erting t"e re!ation of 4 O L F L I N E into
LINE O n in'o%ing t"is #ommand( ) e "a'e to se!e#t t"e 4 O L F L I N E and
t"en rig"t #!i#%

% | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
&45

#0  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
(45

#1  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
%45

# | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O )
45

##  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
645

#4  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
745

#5  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
845

#6  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
945

#$  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O :
45

#8  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
&'45

#% | P a g e
 >D M O D E L I N G TOOLA,
+
4 0 | P a g e
 MODELING

 O,IT

 +OLID
EDITING

 :C+

 ; IE W

 ;I+:AL
+TFLE+

4 1 | P a g e
 >D M O D E L +
E!E-"ISE N O
&45

E!E-"ISE N O
(45
4 | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
%45

4#  | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O )
45
4 4 | P a g e
E!E-"ISE N O
645
4 5 | P a g e
4 6 | P a g e
 A++EMLF@MO:LDING
DIE

PARTS USED FOR ASSY& OF ' O R E ( A L F ) ' A * I T Y ( A L F

4$  | P a g e
 PLATES USED FOR ' A * I T Y ( A L F

48  | P a g e
4%  | P a g e
 PLATES USED FOR ' O R E ( A L F

5 0 | P a g e
 ASSEMBLY * I E W

5 1 | P a g e
5 | P a g e