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Acids, Bases, and pH2
Acids, Bases, and pH2
Acids, Bases, and pH2
Neutrals, and pH
I. What are acids?
1+
1+
1+
+
H+ H2O H3O+
hydrogen ion water hydronium ion
(a proton)
A. Characteristics of acids
Vinegar
Acetic Acid CH3COOH
Carbonated water
Carbonic Acid H2CO3
B. Strong vs. Weak acids
1. Strong acids – ionize (break in to
cations and anions) almost completely,
and conduct electricity well
a. Nitric acid (HNO3)
b. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
c. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
d. Perchloric acid
B. Strong vs. Weak acids
2. Weak acids – do not completely ionize
a. Acetic acid (vinegar)
b. Citric acid
c. Carbonic acid
II. What are bases?
1. Taste bitter
2. Slippery
3. Bases turn red
litmus paper blue
4. Can burn skin
Crowded
Not Crowded
C. pH scale 0-14
Indicates concentration of hydronium ions
0-6 = acid closer to 0 is more acidic