Basics of Operating System

Welcome to the world of OS.

Presented by:
Panchasara Devika H.
Acharya Prakruti S.
 What is an OS
• An OS (operating system) is a software
that controls the resources and provides an
interface between a computer system and
its users
 Primary objectives of os
• Making a computer systam convenient to
use.
• Managing the resources of a computer
system.
Logical architecture of computer
 Measuring system performance

• The efficiency of an os and the overall

performance of a computer are measured
in following terms:
• Throughput
• Turnaround time
• Response time
 Main functions of OS
• Process management
• Memory management
• File management
• Security
• Command interpretation
 Process management
• A process (job) is a program in execution.
• The main aim of process management is to
manage the processes submitted to the
system in a manner to minimize the idle
time of the various processors (cpu ,i/o
processors ,etc)
 Processing methods
• Manual loading mechanism
• Batch processing
• Multi programming
• Multitasking
• Multi processing
• Time sharing
 Multiprogramming V/S
Multiprocessing
• Multiprogramming is the execution of two
or more processes by a single-CPU
computer system.
• Multiprocessing is the interleaved
execution of two or more processes by a
computer system having more than one
CPU.
 Memory management
• The main job of memory management is to
keep track of which parts of memory are in
use and which parts are not in use, to
allocate memory to processes when they
need it, and deallocate when they are done.
 File management
• A file is a collection of related information.
• The file management module of an os
takes care of file-related activities, such as
accessing, naming, sharing and protection
of files.
 File operations
• Create- delete
• Open-close
• Read-write
• Seek
• Get attributes- Set attributes
• Rename
• copy
 Security
• Security in computer systems deals with
protecting the various resources and
information of a computer system against
destruction and unauthorized access.
• Types of security:
• External security
• Internal security: user authentication,
access control, cryptography
 Command interpretation
• Known as command interpreter / provides a set
of commands using which the user can give
instructions to the computer for getting some job
done by it.
• The commands supported by the command
interpreter are known as system calls.
• Hence, it provides a user interface to hide the
hardware details of the system from the user.
 Categories of user interface
• Command-line interface (CUI)
• Graphical user interface (GUI)
 Some popular OS
• Unix
• MS-Dos
• Microsoft Windows
• Microsoft Windows-NT
• Linux