Subordinating Conjunctions

PREPARED BY :MRS. ELIN ERMAWANTI

 Conjunctions

What are conjunctions?

Conjunctions are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together.
Examples :
I like cooking and eating, but I don’t like washing dishes afterward.
Sophie is clearly exhausted, yet she insists on dancing till dawn.
Conjunctions allow you to form complex, elegant sentences. Make sure
that the phrases joined by conjunctions are parallel.
Examples :
He went shopping last night after finishing his homework.
 There are 3 kinds of conjunctions :
1. Coordinating
Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions allow
you to join words, phrases, and
clauses of equal grammatical
rank in a sentence.
The most common coordinating
conjunctions are for, and, nor,
but, or, yet, and so.
The girl is beautiful and
attractive
2. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are
pairs of conjunctions that work
together. Some examples
are either/or,
neither/nor, and not only/but
also
Not only I ‘ve finished studying
English, but also I’ve finished
writing my history essay. 
 3. Subordinating Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunctions join independent and dependent clauses. A

subordinating conjunction can signal a cause-and-effect relationship, a
contrast, or some other kind of relationship between the clauses.
Common subordinating conjunctions are because, since, as, although,
though, while, and whereas.
Sometimes an adverb, such as until, after, or before can function as a
conjunction.
Examples :
He doesn’t go to school today because he is sick.
He is writing a poem while he is listening a music.
Adverb Clauses

PREPARED BY : MRS. ELIN

 What is an adverb Clause?

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that

functions as an adverb.
It modifies a verb.
I saw Joe when I went to the store.
He sat quietly in order to appear polite.
Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other
adverbs. For example:
Hardly had I reached the station when the train
started to leave the platform
 Kinds of adverbial clauses

1. Adverb Clause of time

2. Adverb Clause of place
3. Adverb Clause of condition
4. Adverb Clause of reason
5. Adverb Clause of purpose
6. Adverb Clause of result
7. Adverb Clause of comparison
8. Adverb Clause of concession
9. Adverb Clause of manner
 1. Adverb Clause of time

Function :
These clauses are used to say when something
happens by referring to a period of time or to
another event.
Conjunctions : when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as,
until, till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question
"when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc.
Examples :
Her goldfish died when she was young.
She has to wait the manager until he finishes his meeting
 2. Adverbial Clauses of place

Function : These clauses are used to talk about the

location or position of something.
Conjunctions :where, wherever, anywhere,
everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the
question "where?")
Examples :
He said he was happy where he was.
The little girl always goes wherever her mother
goes
 3. Adverbial Clause of condition

Function :
These clauses are used to talk about a possible or
counterfactual situation and its consequences.
Conjunctions :if, unless, at least
Examples :
If they lose weight during an illness, they
soon regain it afterwards.
We will always support them unless they refuse
to.
 4. Adverbial Clause of reason :

Function : These clauses are used to indicate the

reason for something.
Conjunctions : because, since, as, given
Examples :
I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked
him too much.
Since she was seriously ill, she was
hospitalized
 5.

5. Adverbial Clause of purpose

Function :These clauses are used to indicate the

purpose of an action.
Conjunctions :in order to, so that, in order that
Examples :
They had to take some of his land so that they
could extend the church yard.
Rita studies hard in order to get a scholarship
abroad
 6. Adverb Clause of result

Function :These clauses are used to indicate the

result of something.
Conjunctions :so...that, such...that
Examples :
My suitcase had become so damaged on the
journey home that the lid would not stay closede
He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch him.
She is such a nice girl that every body likes her
so much.
 7. Adverb Clause of comparison

Function :Adverb as is a clause which states

comparison.
Conjunctions : as
Examples :
Johan can speak English as fluently as his
teacher.
Tria explains the problem as clearly as her
manager.
 8. Adverb Clause of concession/ contrast

Function :These clauses are used to make two

statements, one of which contrasts with the other or
makes it seem surprising.
Conjunctions :although, even though, while, despite,
in spite of, no matter how, though, even if, whatever
Examples :
The house isn’t very nice, I like the garden, though
In spite of being tired, he keeps amusing the
audience
 9. Adverb Clause of manner

Function :These clauses are used to talk about

someone's behavior or the way something is done,
answering the question , "How?".
Conjunctions :as, like, the way
Examples :
The way Roni speaks is like his father
I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to
do them.
Now let’s see the exercises ….