INTERNSHIP IN GUIDANCE

AND COUNSELING

Gabrelle Marie D. Ogayon

UNDERSTAND THE WORK OF THE COUNSELOR

Psychological Testing and Its

Ethical Considerations

The Professional Counselor

Counseling As a Discipline
Assessment
A. Bases for Assessment
B. Informed Consent in Assessment
C. Assessment Tools
D. Obsolete and Outdated Test Results
E. Interpreting Assessment Results
F. Release of Test Data
G. Explaining Assessment Results
H. Test Security
A. Bases for Assessment
The expert opinions that we provide through our
recommendations, reports, and diagnostic or evaluative
statements are based on substantial information and
appropriate assessment techniques.
B. Informed Consent in Assess
ment
We gather informed consent prior to the assessment of
our clients except for the following instances:

 when it is mandated by the law

 when it is implied such as in routine educational,
institutional and organizational activity
 when the purpose of the assessment is to determine t
he
individual’s decisional capacity.
C. Assessment Tools
We judiciously select and administer only those tests which
are pertinent to the reasons for referral and purpose of the
assessment.
We use data collection, methods and procedures that are
consistent with current scientific and professional
developments.
We use tests that are standardized, valid, reliable,
and has a normative data directly referable to the population
of our clients.
We administer assessment tools that are appropriate to the
language, competence and other relevant characteristics of
our client.
D. Obsolete and Outdated Test Resu
lts
1. We do not base our interpretations, conclusions, and
recommendations on outdated test results.
2. We do not provide interpretations, conclusions, and
recommendations on the basis of obsolete tests.
E. Interpreting Assessment Resu
lts
We interpret assessment results while considering the
purpose of the assessment and other factors such as
the client’s test taking abilities, characteristics,
situational, personal, and cultural differences.
F. Release of Test Data
1. It is our responsibility to ensure that test results and
interpretations are not used by persons other than those
explicitly agreed upon by the referral sources prior to
the assessment procedure.

2. We do not release test data in the forms of raw and scaled

scores, client’s responses to test questions or stimuli, and
notes regarding the client’s statements and behaviors during
the examination unless regulated by the court.
G. Explaining Assessment Results
1. We release test results only to the sources of
referral and with a written permission from the
client if it is a self-referral.
2. Where test results have to be communicated to
relatives, parents, or teachers, we explain them
through a non-technical language.
 H. Test Security
The administration and handling of all test materials
(manuals, keys, answer sheets, reusable booklets, etc.) shall
be handled only by qualified users or personnel.
 What are Ethics?
Ethics refer to issues or practices that influence the decision
making process in terms of “doing the right thing”. In other
words ethics reflect the morals – what is considered right or
wrong – of a society, a culture or an organization.

Ethical standards are needed when ethical dilemmas arise –

problems for which there are no clear or agreed on moral
solutions.
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Ethical standards are NOT laws established by
governmental bodies. Violation of ethical
standards, however, has various penalties –
including expulsion from the organization.

No one can be tried or sued in a court of law for

violating ethical standards; rather these
standards are statements by professionals
regarding what they believe are appropriate and
inappropriate behaviors when practicing their Next
profession.
Psychological testing plays an important role
in individual’s opportunities for education,
employment, and mental health treatment.

When people use test improperly, there is a

great
potential harm to individuals – often without
the victim’s awareness. Therefore, ethical use
of
psychological test is paramount importance to Bac
psychologist and other professionals who rely k
on
WHO ARE LICENSED PROFESSIONAL
COUNSELORS?

Licensed professional counselors (or in some states,

“licensed clinical professional counselors” or
“licensed mental health counselors”) provide mental
health and substance abuse care to millions of People.

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Licensed professional counselors (LPCs) are master’s-
degreed mental health service providers, trained to
work with individuals, families, and groups in treating
mental, behavioral, and emotional problems and
disorders.

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 LPC QUALIFICATIONS

More than 120,000 professional counselors are licensed across

the country, under licensure laws enacted in all 50 states, the
District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.

LPC education and training standards for licensure are on par

with those of the other two master’s level mental health
providers (clinical social workers and marriage and family
therapists). State licensure requirements for professional
counselors typically include:
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1. possession of a master’s or doctoral degree in counseling
from a national or regionally-accredited institution of higher
education, including an internship and coursework on human
behavior and development, effective counseling strategies,
ethical practice, and other core knowledge areas;

2. completion of a minimum of 3,000 hours of post-master’s

degree supervised clinical experience, performed within two
years, and periodic completion of continuing education
credits/hours after obtaining licensure;

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3. passage of the National Counselor Examination (NCE) or a
similar state-recognized exam; and

4. adherence to a strict Code of Ethics and recognized

standards of practice, as regulated by the state’s counselor
licensure board.

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 WHAT LPCS DO?
The practice of professional counseling includes, but is not
limited to, the diagnosis and treatment of mental and
emotional disorders, including addictive disorders;
psychoeducational techniques aimed at the prevention of
such disorders; consultation to individuals, couples, families,
groups, and organizations; and research into more effective
therapeutic treatment modalities.

Bac
k
 Counseling As a Discipline

Counseling- For Nystul (2003)defined it as basically an art

and a science wherein you endeavor to weigh the objective
and subjective facets of the counseling process.

*As an artist he subjective dimension of counseling. It

upholds a flexible and creative process whereby the counselor
modifies the approach to meet the developing needs of the
clients. As a science, on the other hand, is the objective
dimension of the counseling process. Next
                                                                                                    
                                                                          
*In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is
distressed asks for help and permit another person to enter
into a kind of connection with him/her. It is indicative with
formal of someone in search of counseling requests for time
and attention from person who will listen, who will allow
him/her to speak and who will not condemn and criticize
him/her.

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In formal helping- is a kin with formal helping in some ways
such as presence of good listening skills, empathy, and caring
capacity.

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 GOALS OF COUNSELING
Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified
by Gibson and Mitchell (2003),which are as follows:

1.Development Goals– assist in meeting or advancing the

clients human growth and development including social,
personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.

2.Preventive Goals– helps the client avoid some undesired

outcome.

3.Enhancement Goals-enhance special skills and abilities. Next

4.Remedial Goals– assisting a client to overcome and treat an
undesirable development.

5.Exploratory Goals-examining options, testing of skills,

trying new and different activities, etc.

6.Reinforcement Goals- helps client in recognizing, that what

they are doing, thinking, and feeling is fine.

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7.Cognitive Goals- involves acquiring the basic foundation of
learning and cognitive skills

8.Physiological Goals– involves acquiring the basic

understanding and habits for good health

9.Psychological Goals– aids in developing good social

interaction skills, learning emotional control, and developing
positive self – concept.

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Stephen Hawking - British Theoretical Physicist (b.1942)

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