Valves

Valve types & applications

 Valve type by function
 STOP VALVES– Closed or (wide) open to isolate
equipment or system, or route flow.
 THROTTLE VALVES– may be partially opened to
control (throttle) flow.
 CHECK VALVES– Permit flow in one direction only:
open when upstream pressure is greater than down-
stream, closed when downstream pressure is higher
 STOP-CHECK VALVES– Act as stop valve when
closed, check valve when fully opened; may be
throttled to control flow (in one direction)
 Valve type by function
 STOP VALVES–
 THROTTLE VALVES–
 CHECK VALVES–
 STOP-CHECK VALVES–
 REGULATING VALVES– (Automatically) control
the flow at one location in a system in response to a
signal (flow, temperature, pressure, level, etc.) from
another portion of the system or from a different
system. Includes:
 Pressure Regulating Valves

 Back-pressure Regulating (unloading) Valves

 Valve type by function
 STOP VALVES–
 THROTTLE VALVES–
 CHECK VALVES–
 STOP-CHECK VALVES–
 REGULATING VALVES–
 RELIEF VALVES– (Automatically) open at a
predetermined level above the normal operating
pressure to protect system.
 SAFETY VALVES– similar to relief valves, but reset
at a pressure below their “popping” level
GATE VALVES HANDWHEEL

 Stop valve
YOKE
function only
(closed or wide STEM
open)
PACKING GLAND

BONNET

BODY

DISC

SEAT
GATE VALVES
 Disc travel >=
diameter of
disc
 h=D
 Little
resistance to
flow when
opened h D
BALL VALVES STEM

HANDLE
 Stop valve
function only
(closed or wide
open)
PACKING GLAND
 Suitable for high
pressure liquid
systems (S.W.
valves on
submarines)

BODY
BALL VALVES

 Open/close with only 90o rotation of handle

 Valve open with handle in line with piping
 Negligible opposition to flow when fully open
BUTTERFLY VALVES
 Stop valve
STEM
or throttling
function
HANDLE

BODY DISC
SEAT
BUTTERFLY VALVES
GLOBE VALVES HANDWHEEL

 Stop valve STEM

or throttling
function
PACKING GLAND

BONNET

BODY

DISC

SEAT
 GLOBE VALVES
Stop valve or throttling function
D


 Valve fully open when annulus area

around disc equals inlet area
  D2/4 =  D h when h
 h=D A = D x h
4

slack
A= D h=D
D2 4

4 D
GLOBE VALVES
 Numerous
construction
forms
CHECK VALVES
 Swing Check  Lift Check
 May be mounted  Horizontal mounting only
horizontally or vertically
 STOP-CHECK VALVE
 Closed: functions as a
stop valve
 Open: functions like a
check valve
 Can be used to throttle

slack
h=D
4
 VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

F.O. HTR
suction discharge inlet outlet
 Isolating Valves–
 Pumps: Suction & Discharge
 Heat Exchangers, metering &
control devices: inlet & outlet
 Root Valves

outlet inlet
M
root V.

burner V.
 VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

outlet inlet

P
F.O. HTR
suction discharge inlet outlet
 Control Valves–
 Constant Pressure Regulator

outlet inlet
M
REGULATING VALVES
 Pressure Regulating
(Maintain downstream
pressure)
 Regulated pressure 
closing force
 Spring  opening force

“dump”
PREG

“make-up”
 Unloading: Maintain
upstream (back) pressure
 Regulated pressure 

opening force

PREG  Spring  closing force

 VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

outlet inlet

P
F.O. HTR
suction discharge inlet outlet
 Control Valves–
 Constant Pressure Regulator
 F.O. Press Regulating Valve
Comb Contr (air) signal

P outlet inlet outlet inlet

M
REGULATING VALVES
 Air-Regulated

direct acting

indirect acting

Downward
Seating

Upward
Seating
 VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
outlet inlet
outlet inlet
supply
pilot v
P
F.O. HTR
suction discharge inlet outlet
 Control Valves– drain sensor
 Constant Pressure Regulator
 F.O. Press Regulating Valve
 F.O. Temp Regulating Valve Comb Contr (air) signal

P outlet inlet outlet inlet

M
REGULATING VALVES
 Air-Regulated
Other controls:
Temperature
Flow
Level
etc.
 VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE
outlet inlet
outlet inlet
supply
pilot v
P
F.O. HTR
suction discharge inlet outlet
 Control Valves– drain sensor
 Constant Pressure Regulator
 F.O. Press Regulating Valve
 F.O. Temp Regulating Valve Comb Contr (air) signal

P outlet inlet outlet inlet

M
 VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

supply
pilot v
P
F.O. HTR
suction discharge inlet outlet
 Normally closed Valves– drain sensor
 Relief valves

Comb Contr (air) signal

P
M
Relief & Safety Valves
 Relief Valves– open &
reset at same pressure

 Safety Valves– reset

at pressure below openining
(“popping”) pressure
 Pop – Reset = “Blowdown”
Pop
 VALVE SYSTEM NOMENCLATURE

supply
pilot v
P
F.O. HTR
suction discharge inlet outlet
 Normally closed Valves– drain sensor
 Relief valves
 By-pass valves
 Recirculating Valves Comb Contr (air) signal

P
M