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Ahstirh'gl B'lroidifæ': B I ' D HF ' BL S J U ' D G I P R L D G Hú ' L B' C I R 'R
Ahstirh'gl B'lroidifæ': B I ' D HF ' BL S J U ' D G I P R L D G Hú ' L B' C I R 'R
3==
ZIJHLG@G ] 3=== - ?=== @J
SHFHWH^@ Ld b` prlahstirh` Lb a i f c r l s l ghnlrldjhú
gl
bhdist `rudfhfl`dbltiss j gul` dtgr`ic `pkir
aifcrl-fàquhd`.
Div : , 0>::
CLSD@SGHDI S@F@[[HDH Fèghji, J`tlgràtiji gl b` \ . gl Fúgld`, nudg`gir
g l b` flghjhd` glb tr`c`ki. Zus lstughis g l b`s
l d n l r f l g ` g l s prinlshid`bls y b` prifijhúd g l
flghg`s gl pritljjhúd p`r` bis tr`c`k`girls
ghlrid hdhjhi ` b` slourhg`g hdgustrh`b, y ` b`s
blyls g l
`jjhgldtls gl tr`c`ki. Ld 0?== lsjrhchú lb prhflr
bhcri hfpirt`dtl Gl Firchs @rtijuf Gh`trhc`
(Wr`t`gi Z ic r l B`s Ldnlrflg`gls ]
glsjrhcl b`s prhdjhp`bls l d n l r f l g ` g l s gl irhold
rinlshid`bls)
ijup`jhid`b j i f i ; b`s f ` b ` s pistur`s y j`ro` shj̀
pls`g`s.
Zlp 37, 0><:
^@\C@D X
CÈBHGIS
Lb F`rquès gl ^`uc`d d`jhgi ld ]`ræs y
Clrd`rg Nirlst gl Cèbhgir, d`jhgi ld J`t`buð`
ld lb shobi Q^HHH, sid suolrhgis j i f i
hdoldhlris fhbht`rls
K`d 0, 01<?
_ihtlk X`stlfciwsey
Lb tlrfhdi lroidifæ` nul us`gi pir prhflr` vlz
pir lb d`turhst` pib`ji _ihtlk X`stlfciwsey ld
lb
` ð i 01<? ld ud `rtijubi titub`gi Lds`yis g l
lroidifæ` i jhldjh` glb tr`c`ki, c ` s ` g i ld b`s
blyls g l b` jhldjh` s i c r l b` d`tur`blz`, p l r i sibi
s l lxtldghú a`jh` lb ` ð i 0878.
K`d 8, 08==
JIDGHJHIDLZ GL WS@C@KI LD FHD@Z X NÀCSHJ@Z
F ` y : , 080:
A \ O I F\DZWLSCLSO
Lb pshjúbioi `blfàd, pucbhj` lb g i j u f l d t i titub`gi;
‒]shjaibioy
`dg hdgustrh`b ljhldjy‖, ld b` qul gls`rribb` or`dgls ` pir tls
` b` pshjibioæ` hdgustrh`b, t i f ` d g i ld jidshglr`jhúd b`
slbljjhúd y b` irhldt`jhúd prinlshid`b j i c r ` d g i hfpirt`djh` b`
pshjitèjdhj`.
@pr 0=,
0807 K\BLZ
Zhldt` b`s c`sls g l b` lroidifæ` glb tr`c`ki shji;
@F@S
ln ljtis glb ruhgi, g l b` t l f p l r ` t u r ` y g l b`
hbufhd`jhúd s i c r l lb julrpi, ld su pucbhj`jhúd;
Bl F i t l u r Auf`hd (Lb f i t i r a u f ` d i ) qul
pulgl slr jidshglr`g` j i f i b` prhflr` i c r ` g l
lroidifæ` qul ` p i r t ` b`s c`sls p`r` hdvlstio`r
b`s
jidtr`jjhidls fusjub`rls lstàtij`s y ghdàfhj`s.
prlijup`d bis pricblf`s g l b`
Bl
n`tio`.
@fpbh`rid bis f è t i g i s g l W`ybir p` r` gls`rribb`r
Zlp 0<, 083= "Lb lstughi g l t i l f p i y fivhfhldtis". Zu ickltivi
Nr`de y Bhbh`d l r ` f l k i r ` r b` ljhldjh` flgh`dtl b` lbhfhd`jhúd
Ohbcrlta. g l p`sis hddljls`rhis.
Bior`rid j i f c h d ` r ud f i g l b i ûdhji
jidijhfhldtis pshjibúohjis g l Bhbbh`d j i d bis
gl
jidijhfhldtis g l Nr`de ld Hdoldhlræ`, J i d lbbi
bis
Ohbcrlta bior`d gls`rribb`r b` Lroidifæ` qul cusj`
j i f i d i r f ` s oldlr`bls; Lb f l k i r f è t i g i g l
tr`c`ki qul plrfht` `b iplr`rhi lkljut`r b`s t ` r l ` s
l d f l d i r t i l f p i j i d f ` y i r n`jhbhg`g y
s`tisn`jjhúd
I j t 3<, 08<?
B@ZIJHLG@G GL N@JWISLZ A\F@DIZ
Ld Lst`gis \dhgis ld 08<? s l jidstruyl B@
ZIJHLG@G GL N@JWISLZ A\F@DIZ y buloi
ld 08>0, s l nudgú b` @sijh`jhúd Lroidúfhj`
Hdtlrd`jhid`b.
I j t 31, 08>0
ZIJH@JHÚD LSOIDÚFHJ@ HDWLSD@JHID@B
Ld _`sahdotid - Lst`gis \dhgis s l nudgú b`
@ZIJH@JHÚD LSOIDÚFHJ@ HDWLSD@JHID@B. Gl
jidnirfhg`g j i d b` gljhshúd `gipt`g` ld 08<8 l d b`
Jidnlrldjh` `du`b g l b` Zijhlg`g Lroidúfhj` Crhtàdhj`.
Ld b` `sijh`jhúd lstàd rlprlsldt`gis lspljh`bhst`s g l
f à s gl trlhdt` p`æsls y n i r f ` d p`rtl g l lbb` v`rh`s
`sijh`jhidls d`jhid`bls l hdtlrd`jhid`bls.
F ` y 7, 08>:
SL]ÛCBHJ@ ]I]\B@S GL C\BO@SH@
J i f i ud` ghsjhpbhd` jhldtij` hdglpldghldtl, b` lroidifæ`
l f p l z ú ` gls`rribb`rsl l d bis p`æsls sijh`bhst`s ld bis ` ð i s
<=. Ld 08>:, ld lb shstlf` glb Fhdhstlrhi g l Z`dhg`g ]ûcbhj`
y
]rlvhshúd Zijh`b g l b` SL]ÛCBHJ@ ]I]\B@S GL C\BO@SH@,
nulrid iro`dhz`gis bis prhflris b`cir`tirhis gl shibioæ` y
pshjibioæ` glb tr`c`ki y s l t i f ` r i d b`s prhflr`s flghg`s p`r `
lb jidtrib lroidúfhji g l bis p r i j l s i s gl prigujjhúd.
j hl dtij ` .
Div 0?, 08?=
0= F@D\@BLZ GL LSOIDIFÆ@
K_b
uH B3B1H@, F08 1W.3 Glsjrhcl glt`bb`g`fldtl lb gls`rribbi g l b` hdvlstio`jhúd y sus
ZHDOBLWID `pbhj`jhidls, b` lroidifæ`, j i f i `g`pt`jhúd gl b` tljdibioæ` g l b`
hdoldhlræ` ` b`s dljlshg`gls glb tr`c`k`gir, l s j ` g ` vlz f à s dljls`rh` y
f à s n`jticbl, or`jh`s ` bis ` v ` d j l s tljdibúohjis. ` bi b`roi gl bis :=
` ð i s shouhldtls. @boud`s iro`dhz`jhidls g l b`s D`jhidls \dhg`s, ld
lspljh`b b` IHW y b` I F Z , j i f l d z ` r i d su `jtivhg`g ld l s t l j ` f p i l d
lb gljldhi g l 08>=.
F ` y 0=,
088> Ldtig`g qul tildl j i f i ickltivis lstifub`r y gls`rribb`r b`
hdvlstio`jhúd jhldtij` y tljdibúohj` g l b` Lroidifæ`5 p r i f i v l r bis
JZiLbi -f Bc` hZ`idj`h lggl`
hdtlrj`fchis
Lgroidifæ` ` j ` g è f h j i s p`r` ghnudghr b` ghsjhpbhd`5 rl`bhz`r i priphjh`r pucbhj`jhidls5
gls`rribb`r `jjhidls p` r` f l k i r ` r b`s jidghjhidls gl tr`c`ki, s`bug y vhg`
g l bis tr`c`k`girls y gl b` jifudhg`g l d oldlr`b5 ` s l s i r ` r hdstitujhidls
g l j`r àjtlr ouclrd`fldt`b y prhv`gi ld b` lb`cir`jhúd g l p r ior ` f ` s ,
priyljtis y d i r f ` s qul cusquld lb gls`rribbi g l b` Lroidifæ`.
@uo 07, 3=== B` @sijh`jhúd Hdtlrd`tiid`b g l lroidifæ`
@HL- GLNHDL Lst`cbljhú b` shouhldtl gldhjhúd;
LSOIDIFÆ@ Lroidifæ` l s b` ghsjhpbhd` jhldtij` rlb`jhid`g` j i d
ba`u jfi`fdpirsl ysh úbidsgllbl bf`sl hddttilsr `gjlj huidd lshss tlldftr`l, byi sb̀
slrls
prinlshúd qul `pbhj` tliræ`, prhdjhphis, g`tis
y f è t i g i s g l ghslði p`r ` iptifhz`r lb
chldlst`r a u f ` d i y t i g i lb g l s l f p l ð i glb
shstlf`.
Kub 0>, 3==3
\DHID B@WHDI@FLSHJ@D@ GL LSOIDIFH@
\B@LSOI
Lroidifh` 3==3 `b 3=07
B` \dhúd B`tidi` flr hj`d` g l Lroidifæ`
- \B@LSOI ld sus 03
` ð i s g l nudjhid`fhldti a ` irhldt`gi
sus `jjhidls a`jh` b`
Kub 0=, 3=0=
Ld Jibifch`, `sæ j i f i ld tigis bis p`æsls gl
B@LSOIDIFÆ@ LD B@
BW@F, lb gifhdhi g l lstughi g l b` lroidifæ` qul
@JW\@BHG@G B@WHDI@FLSHJ@D@
f à s s l a ` lstugh`gi a ` shgi ld lb pb`di shji. Lb
rlb`jhid`gi j i d b`s pistur`s g l tr`c`ki, bis
fivhfhldtis, b` j`p`jhg`g shibúohj` g l b` plrsid`
y b` `pbhj`jhúd gl nulrz` prhdjhp`bfldtl. Hdjbusi
gldtri g l èstl, s l a ` a l j a i èdn`shs
prhdjhp`bfldtl l d trls n`jtirls; pistur`,
f i v h f h l d t i y nulrz`. Lb
` s p l j t i shibúohji lstà ud t`dti rlblo`gi pir
rlqulrhrsl jid ijh fh ld ti y lquhpis lspljh`bhz`gis.
K`d 00, 3=03
B` Zijhlg`g g l Lroidifhst`s Lstuvi prlsldtl l d lb 0lr. Zhfpishuf
g l Fèxhji @J (ZLF@J) \dhvlrsht`rhi 3=03 g l Ldnlrflræ` B`cir`b
iro`dhz`gi pir b`
\DH^LSZHG@G HDWLSD@JHID@B GL B@]@[, j i d
b` p`rtijhp`jhúd glb sijhi `jtivi lb Gr. ] l g r i
_rhu, quhld ghjtú ud` jidnlrldjh` gldifhd`g`
LSOIDIFH@ LD LB LDWISDI B@CIS@B ` b`
ju`b
`shstilrid f à s g l 3== plrsid`s ldtrl b`s qul
lst`c`d plrsid`b g l Ldnlrflræ` gl Aispht`bls l
Hdstitujhidls g l Z`bug g l B` ] ` z C`k` J`bhnirdh`
y i t r i s buo`rls g l l s ` rlohúd, `sæ lstugh`dtls
@uo 3:, 3=07 gl
INLSW@ LD JIBIFCH@ GL ldnlrflræ` gl b` \dhvlrshg`g.
]IZWOS@GIZ LD LSOIDIFÆ@
B`s ûdhj`s hdstitujhidls lguj`tiv`s g l lguj`jhúd suplrhir
qul inrljld p r i o r ` f ` s g l pistor`gi l d Lroidifæ` ld
J i b i f c h ` sid; LZ]LJH@BH[@JHIDLZ
LJS ‚ Lsjulb` Ji bifch `d ` Gl Sla`chbht`jhúd
\dhvlrshg`g Glb Cisqul
\dhvlrshg`g g l @dtiiquh`