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Human Resources, Job Design, and Work Measurement
Human Resources, Job Design, and Work Measurement
© 2014
© 2014
Pearson
Pearson
Education,
Education,
Inc.Inc. 10 - 1
Outline
► Global Company Profile:
Rusty Wallace’s NASCAR Racing Team
► Human Resource Strategy for
Competitive Advantage
► Labor Planning
► Job Design
► Ergonomics and the Work
Environment
re
W
u
• Materials used ha
ed
equipment used
t
oc
• Safety • Safety
Pr
Schedules
• Time of day Individual differences
When HUMAN Who • Strength and fatigue
• Time of year
RESOURCE • Information
(seasonal)
• Stability of STRATEGY processing and
response
schedules
H
he
• Temperature • Process
ow
W
Enlarged job
Task #3 Present job Task #2
(Lock printed circuit (Manually insert and (Adhere labels
board into fixture for solder six resistors) to printed circuit
next operation) board)
Control
(Test circuits after
assembly)
1. Skill variety
2. Job identity
3. Job significance
4. Autonomy
5. Feedback
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 22
Self-Directed Teams
▶ Group of empowered individuals working
together to reach a common goal
▶ May be organized for long-term or
short-term objectives
▶ Effective because
▶ Provide employee empowerment
▶ Ensure core job characteristics
▶ Meet individual psychological needs
Empowerment
Self-direction
Enrichment
Enlargement
Specialization
Job expansion
Figure 10.4a
Table 10.4b
Welding
From
Storage bins
press
mach. Paint
shop
Mach. 3 Mach. 4
Machine 1
Mach. 2
Machine 4 Welding
Machine 3
Paint
Machine 2 shop
Machine 1
From
press Storage
mach. bins
Figure 10.6
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 39
Operation Chart
Figure 10.7
Figure 10.8
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 43
The Visual Workplace
Visual signals at the Visual kanbans reduce
machine notify inventory and foster JIT
support personnel
Reorder
Line/machine point
stoppage
Parts/
maintenance
needed
All systems go
Part A Part B Part C
Andon
Figure 10.8
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 44
All systems go
The Visual Workplace
Figure 10.8
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 45
Labor Standards
▶ Effective manpower planning is
dependent on a knowledge of the labor
required
▶ Labor standards are the amount of time
required to perform a job or part of a
job
▶ Accurate labor standards help
determine labor requirements, costs,
and fair work
1. Historical experience
2. Time studies
3. Predetermined time standards
4. Work sampling
OBSERVATIONS (MIN)
PERFORMANCE
JOB ELEMENT 1 2 3 4 5 RATING
2
æ zs ö
n =ç ÷
èe ø
s=
å ( x - x)
i
=
- x )
n- 1 Number in sample - 1
Sales in Travel
person 20%
20%
Telephone
sales Paperwork
12% 17%
Lunch and
personal
10%
Telephone
within firm Meetings
13% and other
8%
Figure 10.10
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 77
Work Sampling Time Studies
Startup/exercise
Assembly-Line 3%
Employees
Breaks and lunch
10%
Dead time
between tasks
13%
Productive Unscheduled tasks
work and downtime
67% 4%
Cleanup
3%
Figure 10.10
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 - 78
Work Sampling
▶ Advantages of work sampling
▶ Less expensive than time study
▶ Observers need little training
▶ Studies can be delayed or interrupted with
little impact on results
▶ Worker has little chance to affect results
▶ Less intrusive