EFFECT OF FRACTURING

PARAMETERS ON SHALE GAS

PRODUCTION USING CMG-
SIMULATOR
Presented By:
• Syed Irfanullah (18-PG-29)
• M.Jouhar Wazir (18-PG-27)
• Mirza Taimoor Baig (18-PG-34)
• Nisar Ahmed (18-PG-49)
• Umair Khan (18-PG-45)

Supervisor:Dr.Waheed Ali Abro

 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Literature review
• Problem statement
• Research objective
• Research Methodology
• Tentative Time Frame
• Conclusion
• References
 INTRODUCTION

• SHALE GAS REFERS TO NATURAL GAS THAT IS TRAPPED

WITHIN SHALE FORMATIONS.
• SHALES ARE FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTARY ROCKS THAT CAN BE
RICH SOURCES OF PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS.
 PROPERTIES OF SHALE FORMATION

•• SHALE
  HAS MUCH LOWER PERMEABILITY THAN
CONVENTIONAL FORMATION.
• TEMPERATURE :150-200
• PRESSURE 5-30 MPA
• METHANE >94%
• SMALL AMOUNT OF ,,O.
 DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

• PROCESS OF DRILLING A NON

VERTICAL WELL THROUGH THE
FORMATION IS CALLED DIRECTIONAL
DRILLING.
• THIS METHOD IS USUALLY CARRIED
OUT IN SHALE FORMATION.
 HYDRAULIC
FRACTURING

• HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
IS A WELL STIMULATION
TECHNIQUE INVOLVING
THE FRACTURING OF
BEDROCK FORMATIONS
BY A PRESSURIZED
LIQUID.
 FRACTURING PARAMETERS:

 INJECTION RATE:

PRESSURE WITH WHICH FRACTURING FLUID IS INJECTED INTO THE WELL.

 PROPPANTS:

A PROPPANT IS A SOLID MATERIAL, TYPICALLY SAND DESIGNED TO KEEP AN INDUCED

HYDRAULIC FRACTURE OPEN, DURING OR FOLLOWING A FRACTURING TREATMENT.

 FRACTURING FLUID:

FRACKING FLUID IS A CHEMICAL MIXTURE USED IN DRILLING OPERATIONS TO

INCREASE THE QUANTITY OF HYDROCARBONS THAT CAN BE EXTRACTED.

 FRACTURE LENGTH:

THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM THE TAIL TO THE TIP OF THE FRACTURE
 LITERATURE REVIEW

• ACCORDING TO KIM AND MORIDIS, WHERE FRACTURING BECOMES SLOWER BY A FACTOR OF 10

WHEN THE INJECTION DECREASES BY A FACTOR OF 10. SIMILARLY,INCREASE IN PRESSURE
RESULTS IN BETTER FRACTURING.
• LABORATORY STUDY, PERMABILITYB CAN REACH HUNDREDS OF MILDARCY WITH 3 LAYERS OF
PROPPANT WITH FRACTURE WIDTH OF 1.5MM; AND THE IRREGULAR SHAPED AND LARGER SIZED
SANDS LEAVE MORE VOID VOLUME BETWEEN PARTICLES ,RESULTING TO HIGHER PERMEABILITY.
• GAS INJECTION INDUCES FASTER FRACTURING IN SHALE GAS RESERVOIRS THAN WATER
INJECTION, FOR THE SAME MASS INJECTION, BECAUSE OF HIGH MOBILITY OF GAS. HOWEVER,
WATER INJECTION TO HIGHLY WATER-SATURATED FORMATIONS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO FAST
PRESSURIZATION AND HIGH MOBILITY OF WATER, RESULTING IN LARGE FRACTURING
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• LIU J ET. AL MULTI-STAGE HYDRAULICALLY FRACTURED WELL IN A SHALE
RESERVOIR PRODUCES GAS AT HIGH PRODUCTION RATE IN INITIAL PHASE. IN THIS
STUDY MULTI PARAMETER MODEL FOR EVALUATION OF SHALE GAS RECOVERY IS
USED. PRODUCTION MAY DECLINE WITH THE PASSAGE OF TIME. ITS FRACTION MAY
BE 20 TO 30 % OF THE ESTIMATED GAS. MULTI PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION MODEL
ARE USED TO MAXIMIZE GAS RECOVERY RATE IN SHORT TERM AND IN LONG TERM
AS WELL.
• 3RD JUNE 2020, IN THIS PAPER PARAMETERS CONTROLLING THE OPTIMIZATION OF
PRODUCE ABLE SHALE GAS IN WEIYUAN SHALE GAS PLAY ARE DISCUSSED. THE
WELL PRODUCTIVITY IS CONTROLLED BY RESERVOIR QUALITY, RESERVOIR
THICKNESS AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STIMULATION, FRACTURE LENGTH,
SELECTION OF PROPPANT SIZE AND INJECTION RATE ETC.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• THE SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTION OF SHALE GAS HAS SHOWN THAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL
FRACTURES IN SHALE IS BENEFICIAL, AND A HIGH DEGREE OF NATURAL FRACTURE DEVELOPMENT CAN
ALLOW A LARGE-SCALE FRACTURE NETWORK TO FORM IN THE PROCESS OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING,
WHICH CAN EFFECTIVELY IMPROVE THE SHALE RESERVOIR CONDITIONS. THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRACTURES
IN SHALE RESERVOIRS NOT ONLY EFFECTIVELY IMPROVES THE PERMEABILITY OF SHALE RESERVOIRS BUT
ALSO INCREASES THE GAS CONTENT, IMPROVING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF
• ACCORDING TO CIPOLLA DUE TO ULTRA LOW ROCK PERMEABILITY THE CONTRIBUTION FROM ADSORBED
GAS MAKES UP A LOW PERCENTAGE OF THE OVERALL GAS RECOVERY. HE ALSO OBSERVED THAT THE EFFECT
OF DESPORTION REDUCES WHEN THE NETWORK FRACTURE SPACING IS SMALLER USING THE BRRNET SHALE
PLAYTHEREFORE IT IS EXPECTED THAT GAS DESPORTION WILL CONTRIBUTE A SMALL ROLE IN WELL
PERFORMANCEAND THIS WILL USUALLY OCCUR AT THE LATER LIFE OF THE WELL WHEN THE PRESSURE IN
TIGHT MATRIX HAVE BECOME VERY LOW.
• THIS PAPER DESCRIBE THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE DEPENDENT NATURAL-FRACTURE ON PRODUCTION FROM
SHALE GAS WELL, FRACTURE CONDUCTIVITY IS REPRESENTED BY SELECTING CORRELATION AS A FUNCTION
OF PRESSURE. A HISTORY MATCH OF THE PERFORMANCE OF TWO WELLS IN THE BARNETT AND HAYNESVILLE
FORMATION ALSO INDICATES THAT THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE-DEPENDENT NATURAL FRACTURE
PERMEABILITY ON SHALE GAS WELL PRODUCTION IS A FUNCTION OF THE PERMEABILITY OF THE MATRIX
 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• SINCE SHALES HAVE RELATIVELY LOW (NARROWED DOWN) PERMEABE

CHANNELS ,WHICH MAKES IT DIFFICULT FOR TRAPPED GAS TO FLOW TOWARDS
THE WELLBORE.THEREFORE FOR IMPROVING THE RECOVERY (PRODUCTION) OF
SHALE GAS WE WILL ALTER THE CONTROLLED FRACTURING PARAMETERS IN
THE SHALE FORMATIONS.
 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

• TO BUILD A RESERVOIR MODEL FOR FRACTURING PROCESS IN

SHALE FORMATION USING CMG SIMULATOR.
• TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE EFFECT OF SPACING AND HALF
LENGTH OF FRACTURE UPON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SHALE GAS.
• TO STUDY CHANGE IN PRODUCTION BEHAVIOR UPON CHANGING
OTHER PARAMETERS. LIKE PROPPANTS, FRACTURING FLUID,
FRACTURE LENGTH AND INJECTION RATE ETC.
 Methodology:
RESERVOIR
MODELING
LITERATURE GATHERING OF WITHOUT
REVIEW DATA CONSIDERING
PARAMETERS

RESERVOIR
MODELING
ECONOMICAL
ANALYSIS RESULTS CONSIDERING
FRACTURING
PARAMETERS

CONCLUSION
 WORKING PLAN (TIME FRAME)
ACTIVITIES JAN21 FEB21 MARCH APRAIL2 MAY21 JUNE21 JULY21 AUG21 SEP21 OCT21
21 1
Selection of                  
Topic 
Literature                  
Review
Introduction                     
Data                   
Acquisition
Reservoir                     
Modeling
Result                     
Thesis Write-                        
up
Thesis                     
Submission
 CONCLUSION

• BY ADJUSTING THE CONTROLLED FRACTURING PARAMETRES (THROUGH CMG

SIMULATOR), THE MAXIMUM RECOVERABLE TRAPPED GAS CAN BE
PRODUCED FROM A PARTICULAR SECTION OF A RESERVOIR. THE MODEL WILL
DEPICT THE REAL RESERVOIR BEHAVIOR APPROXIMATELY.
 REFERENCES:
1) NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FRACTURE PROPAGATION DURING HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
OPERATIONS IN SHALE GAS SYSTEMS JIHOON KIM A,B,N , GEORGE J. MORIDIS .
2) LABORATORY STUDY OF PROPPANT ON SHALE FRACTURE PERMEABILITY AND COMPRESSIBILITY
YULING TANA, B,C, ZHEJUN PANC , JISHAN LAUD, XIA-TING FENGAE,LUKE D.CONNEL..
3) DOMINATING FACTORS ON WELL PRODUCTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
OPTIMIZATION IN WEIYUAN SHALE GAS PLAY, SICHUAN BASIN, SW CHINA. VOLUME 47, ISSUE 3
, JUNE 2020, PAGES 594-602 .
4) EVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DOMINANT FACTORS OF NATURAL FRACTURES IN
LOWER SILURIAN MARINE ORGANIC-RICH SHALE RESERVOIRS: A CASE STUDY OF THE
LONGMAXI FORMATION IN THE FENGGANG BLOCK, SOUTHERN CHINA. VOLUME 192, SEPTEMBER
2020, 107277 HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.1016/J.PETROL.2020.107277 ,
5) CHO Y, APAYDIN OG, OZKAN E. PRESSURE-DEPENDENT NATURAL-FRACTURE PERMEABILITY IN
SHALE AND ITS EFFECT ON SHALE-GAS WELL PRODUCTION. SPE RESERVOIR
EVALUATION & ENGINEERING. 2013 MAY 16;16(02):216-28..
 REFERENCES

 6) LIU J, WANG J, LEUNG C, GAO F. A MULTI-PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR THE
EVALUATION OF SHALE GAS RECOVERY ENHANCEMENT. ENERGIES. 2018 MAR;11(3):654.

7) C. L. E. E. J. R. B. CIPOLLA, "RESERVOIR MODELING IN SHALE-GAS RESERVOIRS.," 2010.

8) Y CHO,SPE,COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES O.G APAYDIN,SPE,EOG RESOURCES, AND

EOZKAN SPE,COLORADO SCHOOLOF MINES.
9) HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/HYDRAULIC_FRACTURING
10) HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/DIRECTIONAL_DRILLING.